Long-Term Oncological Outcomes Related to Lymphadenectomy in Clinical Stage I NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Experience.

Background: Lymphadenectomy is considered a key part of the radical treatment of resectable lung cancer, although its appropriate extension in early stages is a debated topic due to the great heterogeneity of studies in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the impact of lymphadenectomy extent on survival and recurrence in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC patients undergoing lobectomy and lymph node dissection.

Methods: Data from clinical stage I NSCLC patients undergoing lobectomy and hilar-mediastinal lymphadenectomy at two thoracic surgery centers from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.

Resting-state brain activation patterns and network topology distinguish human sign and goal trackers.

The "Sign-tracker/Goal-tracker" (ST/GT) is an animal model of individual differences in learning and motivational processes attributable to distinctive conditioned responses to environmental cues. While GT rats value the reward-predictive cue as a mere predictor, ST rats attribute it with incentive salience, engaging in aberrant reward-seeking behaviors that mirror those of impulse control disorders. Given its potential clinical value, the present study aimed to map such model onto humans and investigated resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of individuals categorized as more disposed to sign-tracking or goal-tracking behavior.

Racial biases, facial trustworthiness, and resting heart rate variability: unravelling complexities in pain recognition.

The study explores whether racial identity and appearance-based trustworthiness judgments can affect recognition of pain in medical students differing in levels of resting heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of parasympathetic control of the heart. After undergoing HRV assessment, 68 medical students (37 females) participated in a dynamic pain recognition task, viewing video clips of White and Black faces, which differed in perceived trustworthiness based on facial appearance, transitioning from neutral to intense pain expressions. Response time, pain intensity attribution and treatment recommendations were analyzed.

Update in the Treatment of Pleural Tumors: Robotic Surgery Combined with Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy.

(1) Background. Intracavitary hyperthermic chemotherapy (HITHOC) remains part of the complex mosaic that is the multimodal approach for advanced stage thymoma and pleural malignancies. However, robotic pleurectomy/removal of pleural lesions in combination with intrathoracic chemotherapy is not currently being investigated.

Women in thoracic, cardiac and vascular surgery claim for a change in the working situation: an Italian national survey.

Background: Women's participation in the surgical workforce has increased. The aim of the study is to acquire objective data regarding practice, training, satisfaction, and discrimination of women surgeons working in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery in Italy.

Methods: An 83-item questionnaire was distributed through social media and sent to e-mails of women surgeons from November through December 2020.

Ticagrelor enhances the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in stable patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the TAPER-S randomized study.

Background: Ticagrelor improves clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes compared with clopidogrel. Ticagrelor also inhibits cell uptake of adenosine and has been associated with cardioprotective effects in animal models. We sought to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of ticagrelor, as compared with clopidogrel, in stable patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Unradical Surgery for Locally-Advanced Thymoma: Is it time to evolve Perspectives?

Objectives: Nearly-one-third of thymomas are locally-advanced at diagnosis. The traditional dogma that surgery is justified in case a complete resection can be achieved has remained unmovable until today. This study aimed to investigate feasibility and oncologic efficacy of incomplete resection for locally-advanced thymomas in a contest of multimodality therapy.

From skinner box to daily life: Sign-tracker phenotype co-segregates with impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction tendencies in humans.

Pavlovian conditioning holds the potential to incentivize environmental cues, leading to approach behavior toward them, even outside our awareness. Animal models suggest that this is particularly true for the so-called sign-tracker (ST) phenotype, which is considered to reflect a predisposition toward developing addiction-related behaviours. Despite its potential clinical relevance, few studies have demonstrated the translational validity of this model, likely due to difficulties in studying Pavlovian processes in humans.

Food-Specific IgG4 Antibody-Guided Exclusion Diet Improves Conditions of Patients with Chronic Pain.

Introduction: Chronic pain is related to gastrointestinal (GI) functions because food components affect inflammation and pain through their action on the GI immune and/or neural system and because many analgesics interact with the gut to alter its structure and function. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) are food-specific antibodies resulting from exposure of the gut immune system to nutrients. High IgG4 levels have been found to be associated with inflammation.

Pain Prevalence in two Italian Hospitals. An observational study.

Introduction: Pain is the most common and distressing medical symptom in hospitalized patients in all wards. Pain prevalence among hospitalized patients is an indicator of the quality of health care.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe pain prevalence in two Italian hospitals.

Age and training intensity differently affect male runners' endocrine and sexual parameters.

Physical activity is widely recognized to improve health and its inclusion in daily life at all ages is highly recommended. Gonadal hormones are known to be affected by physical activity. The exercise-induced effects on male runners of different ages were investigated by dividing 31 runners by age (Young, Y, 30-55 years; Old, O, 56-70 years) and amount of training (Light, L, <50 km/week; Heavy, H, 50 or more km/week).

Estrogens and phytoestrogens in body functions.

Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different phases of life, e.g.

Robotic thymectomy: A surgical point of view.

Robotic thymectomy is the most innovative surgical approach for treating disease of the anterior mediastinum. Robotic surgery offers low postoperative morbidity, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, and better cosmetic results, without compromising surgical radicality. During the operation, the patient is placed in a supine position at the left edge of the operating table with the left hemithorax upward; the position is maintained with sandbags.

The potential impact of acute coronary syndromes on automatic sensing system in Subcutaneous-ICDs.

Background: The Subcutaneous-ICD (S-ICD) is emerging as a suitable option for most ICD candidates, however some open issues regarding the sensing algorithm still remain.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the performance of the S-ICD sensing algorithm in patients hospitalized for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), before and after revascularization.

Methods: We performed a S-ICD automated screening on 75 patients, 21 hospitalized for STEMI, 23 for NSTE-ACS and 31 for CCS, before and after percutaneous revascularization, regardless their eligibility to ICD implantation.

Robotic thymectomy for thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis: neurological and oncological outcomes.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to analyse the outcomes in 53 patients with thymoma, 34 of whom had myasthenia gravis (MG), who were treated with robotic surgery. The oncological outcomes of the whole series of patients were analysed. Furthermore, because consistent data are not yet available in the literature, the main focus was the analysis of the neurological results of the patients affected by MG and thymoma.

A risk stratification scheme for synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer developed by a multicentre analysis.

Backgrounds: Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients represent a category without a standard therapeutic approach. However, in selected oligometastatic NSCLC, radical surgery seems to offer a good prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the long-term outcomes of synchronous oligometastatic patients treated with curative intent and identify the factors associated with better results and the proposal of a risk stratification system for classifying the synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC.

Pain Study in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in Males and Females.

Introduction: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a metabolic disorder in which very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are accumulated in the nervous system and adrenal cortex, impairing their functions. Three main variants are described in males: adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), a cerebral form (cALD or cAMN) and Addison's disease only (AD), while for females no classification is used. To evaluate pain and the functional state of afferent fibers, a series of tests was carried out in male and female patients.

The CB2 Agonist β-Caryophyllene in Male and Female Rats Exposed to a Model of Persistent Inflammatory Pain.

Cannabinoids help in pain treatment through their action on CB1 and CB2 receptors. β-caryophyllene (BCP), an ancient remedy to treat pain, is a sesquiterpene found in large amounts in the essential oils of various spice and food plants such as oregano, cinnamon, and black pepper. It binds to the CB2 receptor, acting as a full agonist.

Ticagrelor and preconditioning in patients with stable coronary artery disease (TAPER-S): a randomized pilot clinical trial.

Background: Ticagrelor is a reversibly binding, direct-acting, oral, PY antagonist used for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Ticagrelor blocks adenosine reuptake through the inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) on erythrocytes and platelets, thereby facilitating adenosine-induced physiological responses such as an increase in coronary blood flow velocity. Meanwhile, adenosine plays an important role in triggering ischemic preconditioning through the activation of the A1 receptor.

Evaluation of in vitro cell and blood compatibility and in vivo analgesic activity of plant-derived dietary supplements.

Objective: In vitro cell and blood compatibility of three dietary supplements, comprised of multiple plant extracts, Pneumo Go (PG), Green active (GA) and Equistasi (Eq), and their main component, the phytocomplex Matrix U.B.® (Union Bio S.

Physiological effects of high-altitude trekking on gonadal, thyroid hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) responses in young lowlander women.

Altitude hypoxia is often associated with impairment of human reproduction. In this study, hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, a proinflammatory cytokine with key roles in human reproduction) were determined in seven regularly menstruating, lowlander native women living at sea level participating in 14 days of trekking at moderate and high altitude. Blood and saliva samples were collected from each subject at high altitude (5050 m a.

Recombinant Adeno Associated Viral (AAV) vector type 9 delivery of Ex1-Q138-mutant huntingtin in the rat striatum as a short-time model for in vivo studies in drug discovery.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dyskinesia, cognitive impairment and emotional disturbances, presenting progressive neurodegeneration in the striatum and intracellular mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates in various areas of the brain. Recombinant Adeno Associated Viral (rAAV) vectors have been successfully used to transfer foreign genes to the brain of adult animals. In the present study we report a novel in vivo rat HD model obtained by stereotaxic injection of rAAV serotype2/9 containing Exon1-Q138 mHTT (Q138) and Exon1-Q17 wild type HTT (Q17; control), respectively in the right and in the left striatum, and expressed as C-terminal GFP fusions to facilitate detection of infected cells and aggregate production.

Perinatal 17α-ethinylestradiol exposure affects formalin-induced responses in middle-aged male (but not female) rats.

17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE), the main component of the contraceptive pill, is a synthetic estrogen found in rivers of the United States and Europe as an environmental contaminant. It is one of the most studied xenoestrogens due to its possible effect on the reproductive system. In the present study we evaluated the modulation of pain responses induced by formalin injection (licking, flexing, paw-jerk) in 8-month-old male and female offspring of female rats treated with two different doses of EE (4ng/kg/day or 400ng/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation.

In vitro and in vivo characterization of the new analgesic combination Beta-caryophyllene and docosahexaenoic Acid.

Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are components of several plants with documented anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animal pain models. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to evaluate their effects, alone or in combination, during long-lasting administration in a model of persistent pain. IR spectra of the two compounds were obtained to determine their chemical stability and then in vitro toxicity was evaluated in fibroblasts and astrocytes.

Fused 3-Hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles Inhibit Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity.

Here, we describe the selection and optimization of a chemical series active in both a full-length and a fragment-based Huntington's disease (HD) assay. Twenty-four thousand small molecules were screened in a phenotypic HD assay, identifying a series of compounds bearing a 3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole moiety as able to revert the toxicity induced by full-length mutant Htt by up to 50%. A chemical exploration around the series led to the identification of compound 4f, which demonstrated to be active in a Htt171-82Q rat primary striatal neuron assay and a PC12-Exon-1 based assay.