Analysing the genetic diversity and population structure of five native Turkish cattle breeds using SNP data.

The conservation and sustainable utilization of cattle genetic resources necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity and population structure. This study provides an analysis of five native Turkish cattle breeds: Anatolian Black (ANB), Turkish Grey (TUR), Anatolian Southern Yellow (ASY), East Anatolian Red (EAR), and South Anatolian Red (SAN) using 50 K SNP data. These breeds were compared with three European breeds, Simmental (SIM), Holstein (HOL), and Jersey (JER), and three Asian Zebu breeds: Arabic Zebu (ZAR), Nelore (NEL), and Red Sindhi (RSI).

NT-proCNP levels predict higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk profile in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of serum amino-terminal proCNP (NT-proCNP) levels in predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: We recruited 73 patients with T2DM in the study. Additionally, we grouped the patients according to their status of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as no DR, non-proliferative DR, or proliferative DR.

Relationship between macular intervortex vein anastomosis and optical coherence tomography biomarkers in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Backgrounds: To evaluate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) according to the presence or absence of direct anatomical relation to intervortex vein anastomosis (IVA) on indocyanine green angiography.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 39 patients with chronic CSC. Patients were categorized in 2 groups: presence of IVA(Group A) or absence of IVA(Group B) in the macular region.

Association Between Prognosis of Acute Retinal Necrosis and Retinal Involvement.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the clinical presentation and treatment modalities of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and to evaluate complications and clinical outcomes according to the extent of retinal involvement at initial presentation.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 52 patients diagnosed with ARN were reviewed and 48 were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the extent of retinitis at presentation: retinal involvement of 1-2 quadrants (Group A) or 3-4 quadrants (Group B).

Can scoring systems be used for the triage of COVID-19 patients?

Background And Aim: Whether to send COVID-19 patients home with quarantine measures or to hospitalize and treat them on an inpatient basis is a very important decision in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to introduce a scoring system that will enable making decisions on inpatient or outpatient treatment of patients by scoring their symptoms, clinical, radiological, and laboratory results during the initial assessment.

Materials And Methods: Data of patients over 18 years of age, examined for COVID-19 between March 11, 2020, and May 31, 2020, and who had a positive PCR result, and their radiological (computed tomography reports) and blood test (complete blood count, blood gas and laboratory results) results were recorded to develop our scoring system.

Two novel outlier detection approaches based on unsupervised possibilistic and fuzzy clustering.

Outliers are data points that significantly deviate from other data points in a data set because of different mechanisms or unusual processes. Outlier detection is one of the intensively studied research topics for identification of novelties, frauds, anomalies, deviations or exceptions in addition to its use for data cleansing in data science. In this study, we propose two novel outlier detection approaches using the typicality degrees which are the partitioning result of unsupervised possibilistic clustering algorithms.

Preoperative and Postoperative Factors Affecting Functional Success in Anatomically Successful Retinal Detachment Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate preoperative and postoperative factors affecting functional success in anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery.

Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent anatomically successful surgery from 2014 to 2019 with more than 1 year follow-up were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, ocular examination findings, preoperative and postoperative spectral domain optic coherence tomography images were retrospectively evaluated.

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Based on Non-ICGA Criteria in White Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To determine prevalence of probable polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) among White patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using non-indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) criteria DESIGN: Multicenter, multinational, retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 208 treatment-naive eyes from Hispanic and non-Hispanic White individuals diagnosed with nAMD were included. All underwent color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography (FFA).

Analysis of 23 Years of Cornea Donor Data From an Eye Bank in Turkey.

Objectives: We evaluated 23 years of data for cornea donors at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Lions Eye Bank.

Materials And Methods: Annual statistics of corneal donors between 1996 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Records for 2008 and previous years were compared with records for 2009 and years thereafter,to assess donor demographics and reasons for discard of corneas.

Prevalence study for postoperative nausea vomiting: A training hospital example.

Background: Simplified risk models, such as the Apfel score, have been developed to calculate the risk of postoperative nausea-vomiting (PONV) for adult patients. In the absence of any risk factors, PONV risk is assumed to be 10%. While the presence of one of the four risk factors determined as female gender, non-smoking, PONV/car sickness history, and postoperative opioid use is associated with 20% risk for PONV, the risk increases by 20% with the addition of each risk factor, and reaches to 80% if four factors are present.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block in inguinal hernia surgery and the immunomodulatory effects of proinflammatory cytokines: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are among the cytokines released secondary to the surgical stress response. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block on postoperative pain and its immunomodulatory activity through proinflammatory cytokines.

Methods: TAP (study group; n=40) or p-TAP (placebo group; n=40).

Interferon Alpha-2a for the Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema Secondary to Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Purpose: To report the results of interferon (IFN) α-2a treatment in patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: We reviewed the records of seven patients (eight eyes) who received IFNα-2a for post-ARN CME. The initial dose of IFNα-2a was 3 MIU/day and it could be tapered down to 3 MIU twice a week.

Logistic Regression Model Using Scheimpflug-Placido Cornea Topographer Parameters to Diagnose Keratoconus.

Purpose: Diagnose keratoconus by establishing an effective logistic regression model from the data obtained with a Scheimpflug-Placido cornea topographer.

Methods: Topographical parameters of 125 eyes of 70 patients diagnosed with keratoconus by clinical or topographical findings were compared with 120 eyes of 63 patients who were defined as keratorefractive surgery candidates. The receiver operating character (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic ability of the topographic parameters.

Patterns of cytomegalovirus retinitis at a tertiary referral center in Turkey.

Purpose: To analyze predisposing conditions in Turkish patients with CMV retinitis and to compare HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Methods: We reviewed medical charts and ocular images of 41 patients with CMV retinitis diagnosed between 1996 and 2019.

Results: Eleven patients (27%) had HIV infection and 30 were immunocompromised from diverse causes.

GRAding of functional and anatomical response to DExamethasone implant in patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: GRADE-DME Study.

To analyze functional and anatomical response patterns to dexamethasone (DEX) implant in diabetic macular edema (DME), to describe proportion of responders and non-responders, and to propose a new DME grading system. Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study. Naïve and non-naïve DME patients were treated with DEX, with visual acuity (VA) ≥ 0.

Evaluation of emulsified silicone oil with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography.

Background: To report emulsified particles and related complications after removal of silicone oil (SO) by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA).

Methods: A prospective, single-center investigation was performed using SD-OCT, FA and flare cell photometry measurements to evaluate in a cohort of eyes with emulsified silicone particles after removal of long-term SO tamponade.

Results: Nineteen eyes of the 19 patients with emulsified silicone particles detected in ophthalmoscopic exam were included in the study: 13 (68%) were male, and 6 (31.

Baseline predictors for visual acuity loss during observation in diabetic macular oedema with good baseline visual acuity.

Purpose: To investigate clinical baseline characteristics and optical coherence tomography biomarkers predicting visual loss during observation in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and good baseline visual acuity (VA).

Methods: A sub-analysis of a 12-month, retrospective study, including patients with baseline VA ≤0.1 logMAR (≥20/25 Snellen) and centre-involving DMO.

Clinical Features and Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Retinoblastoma in Turkish Children Older Than 5 Years of Age.

Purpose: The diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma can be difficult in older children. This study reports the clinical features and long-term outcomes of such patients in a Turkish patient population.

Methods: Medical records of 18 patients, between January 1992 and December 2017, were reviewed retrospectively.

New Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Bruch's Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width Assessment in Nonglaucomatous Eyes with Large Discs.

Purpose: To compare the new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) algorithm for measuring circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness centered on Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), RNFL, with the conventional circumpapillary RNFL thickness measurement centered on the optic disc (RNFL), and assess the BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) in nonglaucomatous eyes with large discs.

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study included a total of 91 eyes of 91 patients having nonglaucomatous eyes with large discs (Group 1) and 50 eyes of 50 healthy subjects (Group 2). The optic nerve head (ONH) parameters obtained by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO), peripapillary RNFL thickness, BMO area, and BMO-MRW were imaged with SD-OCT.

Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Epiduroscopy.

BACKGROUND Epiduroscopy is commonly used for the evaluation and treatment of low back pain. Saline with or without local anesthetic addition was used to visualize epidural space structure during this procedure. A rapid increase in epidural space pressure is transmitted into the spinal space to the optic nerve sheath.

Real-world outcomes of non-responding diabetic macular edema treated with continued anti-VEGF therapy versus early switch to dexamethasone implant: 2-year results.

Aims: To provide 2-year follow-up data on eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) that were non-responsive after three initial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, comparing functional and anatomical outcomes under continued anti-VEGF therapy versus dexamethasone (DEX) implant.

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective chart review comparing eyes with treatment-naïve DME and a suboptimal response to a loading phase of anti-VEGF therapy (3 injections given monthly) which were then treated with (a) further anti-VEGF (n = 72) or (b) initially switched to DEX implant (n = 38). Main outcome measures were change in visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) from the end of the loading phase to 24 months.

Disorganization of retinal inner layers as a biomarker in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with dexamethasone implant.

Purpose: To investigate disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) as a biomarker in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated by intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant.

Methods: Multicentre, retrospective study including eyes with DME treated with DEX implant and follow-up of 12 months after the first injection. OCT scans were evaluated for the presence of DRIL and other structural features.