Healthcare workers' experiences protecting themselves and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021.

We characterized experiences and strategies used by frontline healthcare workers to prevent severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus transmission at work and to household members during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Alongside an online questionnaire (n = 234), remote semi-structured interviews (n = 23: 15 clinicians, 8 non-clinicians) were conducted in 2021. Mitigation challenges and facilitators were identified from data to represent experiences as a process considering the before, during, and after work shifts.

Machine learning approach as an early warning system to prevent foodborne Salmonella outbreaks in northwestern Italy.

Salmonellosis, one of the most common foodborne infections in Europe, is monitored by food safety surveillance programmes, resulting in the generation of extensive databases. By leveraging tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithms, we exploited data from food safety audits to predict spatiotemporal patterns of salmonellosis in northwestern Italy. Data on human cases confirmed in 2015-2018 (n = 1969) and food surveillance data collected in 2014-2018 were used to develop ML algorithms.

Albendazole metabolites excretion in human saliva as a biomarker to assess treatment compliance in mass drug administration (MDA) anthelmintic programs.

Soil-transmitted-helminth (STH) infections continue to be a persistent global public health problem. Control strategies for STH have been based on the use of mass drug administration (MDA). Coverage and compliance assessment is critical to understanding the true effectiveness of albendazole (ABZ) in those MDA programs.

3D Graphene/silk fibroin scaffolds enhance dental pulp stem cell osteo/odontogenic differentiation.

Objectives: The current in vitro study aims to evaluate silk fibroin with and without the addition of graphene as a potential scaffold material for regenerative endodontics.

Material And Methods: Silk fibroin (SF), Silk fibroin/graphene oxide (SF/GO) and silk fibroin coated with reduced graphene oxide (SF/rGO) scaffolds were prepared (n = 30). The microarchitectures and mechanical properties of scaffolds were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), pore size and water uptake, attenuated total reflectance fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and mechanical compression tests.

Triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: First report in sheep from the Santa Cruz province, Argentinian Patagonia.

In the fall of 2022, decreased triclabendazole (TCBZ) efficacy against F. hepatica was suspected in a sheep farm located in the Santa Cruz province, Argentinian Patagonia. Since TCBZ-resistance in F.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of different bleaching varnishes: Hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber and color change.

Objective: To evaluate the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber and the color change of different bleaching varnishes in low concentrations used for at-home bleaching.

Materials And Methods: Ninety healthy premolars were used, randomly distributed into nine groups (n = 10) according to bleaching varnish (PL, PolaLuminate; VS, VivaStyle Paint On Plus; CA, Cavex Bite&White whitening pen and; AW AlignerWhite) and time (10 and 30 min), and a control group (no bleaching). The penetration of HP was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Positive correlational shift between crevicular antimicrobial peptide LL-37, pain and periodontal status following non-surgical periodontal therapy. A pilot study.

Background: Periodontitis has a high prevalence and uncertain recurrence. Unlike the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, little is known about the anti-inflammatory cytokine and antimicrobial peptide overview following treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate if any of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, interleukin (IL) 4, 10 and 6 together with the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and total protein concentration in GCF could be used as correlative biomarkers for the severity in periodontitis as well as prognostic factors in the management of the disease.

Long-Term In Vitro Adhesive Properties of Two Universal Adhesives to Dentin.

The composition of universal adhesives, as well as the adhesive strategy, may influence bonding effectiveness and durability. This study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL), immediately and after 6-month aging, and in situ degree of conversion (DC), of two universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, SBU; Xeno Select, XEN) applied with etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies, in comparison with a two-step SE adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, CSE). Dentin surfaces of fifty human third molars were randomly assigned to the following adhesives: two universal adhesives, SBU and XEN, applied in ER or SE mode and CSE, used as control.

Rubric vs. numeric rating scale: agreement among evaluators on endodontic treatments performed by dental students.

Background: Students´ assessment should be carried out in an effective and objective manner, which reduces the possibility of different evaluators giving different scores, thus influencing the qualification obtained and the consistency of education. The aim of the present study was to determine the agreement among four evaluators and compare the overall scores awarded when assessing portfolios of endodontic preclinical treatments performed by dental students by using an analytic rubric and a numeric rating scale.

Methods: A random sample of 42 portfolios performed by fourth-year dental students at preclinical endodontic practices were blindly assessed by four evaluators using two different evaluation methods: an analytic rubric specifically designed and a numeric rating scale.

Monepantel-based anthelmintic combinations to optimize parasite control in cattle.

Improvement in the use of existing anthelmintics is a high priority need for the pharmaco-parasitology research field, considering the magnitude and severity of anthelmintic resistance as an important issue in livestock production. In the work described here, monepantel (MNP) was given alone or co-administered with either macrocyclic lactone (ML) or benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics to calves naturally infected with ML- and BZ-resistant gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes on two different commercial cattle farms. Both pharmacokinetic (PK) and efficacy assessments were performed.

Ivermectin systemic availability in adult volunteers treated with different oral pharmaceutical formulations.

Unlabelled: Ivermectin (IVM) is currently approved as an antiparasitic agent for human use in the treatment of onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, scabies, and pediculosis. Recent findings indicate that IVM may reach other pharmacological targets, which accounts for its proven anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory, cytostatic, and antiviral effects. However, little is known about the assessment of alternative drug formulations for human use.

L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded in dental adhesive (Arg@MSN@DAdh) for targeting cariogenic bacteria.

Dental caries is the major biofilm-mediated oral disease in the world. The main treatment to restore caries lesions consists of the use of adhesive resin composites due to their good properties. However, the progressive degradation of the adhesive in the medium term makes possible the proliferation of cariogenic bacteria allowing secondary caries to emerge.

Synthesis of Four Steroidal Carbamates with Antitumor Activity against Mouse Colon Carcinoma CT26WT Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. If detected on time, surgery can expand life expectations of patients up to five more years. However, if metastasis has grown deliberately, the use of chemotherapy can play a crucial role in CRC control.

Effect of an additional bonding resin on the 5-year performance of a universal adhesive: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the application of an additional hydrophobic bonding resin on the clinical performance of a universal adhesive applied in etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch adhesive (SE) strategy in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) after 5 years.

Materials And Methods: Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M Oral Care) was applied in 134 NCCLs of 39 subjects using different adhesion approaches: 3-step ER (3-ER), 2-step ER (2-ER), 2-step SE (2-SE), and 1-step SE (1-SE). Enamel and dentin were acid etched prior to application of the universal adhesive for the 3-ER and 2-ER groups.

Extracellular acidosis stimulates breast cancer cell motility through aryl hydrocarbon receptor and c-src kinase activation.

A reduction in extracellular pH (pHe) is a characteristic of most malignant tumors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor localized in a cytosolic complex with c-Src, which allows it to trigger nongenomic effects through c-Src. Considering that the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment promotes breast cancer progression in a similar way to the AhR/c-Src axis, our aim was to evaluate whether this pathway could be activated by low pHe.

Endocrine disruptor hexachlorobenzene induces cell migration and invasion, and enhances aromatase expression levels in human endometrial stromal cells.

Endometriosis is the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Previous studies have suggested that endocrine disrupting chemicals such as organochlorine pesticides could be a risk factor for endometriosis. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a weak ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and promotes metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, as well as, c-Src activation in human endometrial stromal cells (T-HESC) and in rat endometriosis model.

Improving the in vitro dissolution rate and pharmacokinetic performance of fenbendazole in sheep using drug nanocrystals.

Benzimidazole methylcarbamate anthelmintics, including fenbendazole (FBZ), have only limited water solubility and small differences in drug solubility may have a major influence on their absorption, pharmacokinetic behavior and anthelmintic efficacy. To improve FBZ water solubility and dissolution rate, novel self-dispersible nanocrystals (SDNCs) of FBZ were recently described. In this work, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the SDNCs of FBZ and Poloxamer 188 was compared against a physical mixture (PM) of its components.

Pharmacokinetics and milk excretion pattern of eprinomectin at different dose rates in dairy cattle.

This study aimed at determining the plasma disposition kinetics of eprinomectin (EPM) and EPM excretion pattern through milk after topical administration to dairy cattle at the recommended dose of 0.5 mg/kg and at 1 and 1.5 mg/kg.

Influence of the adhesive strategy in the sealing ability of resin composite inlays after deep margin elevation.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the gingival margin position and the adhesive strategy selected to perform deep margin elevation (DME) in marginal sealing of resin composite inlays by a nanoleakage test.

Material And Methods: 12 sound third molars were selected and expulsive MOD cavities for inlays were prepared. Experimental groups were established according to gingival margin location (enamel: 1 mm above cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), dentin: 1 mm below CEJ, or DME, and the adhesive strategy used to lute inlays and elevate the gingival margin.

Dental emergency care in Spain during the state of alarm due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The first state of alarm due to COVID-19 in Spain led to limit dental treatment exclusively to emergencies. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the amount and type of emergencies attended during this period, as well as to know how they were solved, and what measures were adopted to carry out dental care in these exceptional circumstances.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 312 Spanish dentists, who fulfilled an online questionnaire with 22 closed questions, divided into five sections regarding to various aspects of professional dental profile and emergency care.