Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for enteric infections from 1990 to 2019.

Background: Enteric infections are among the most common infectious diseases. The aim of this article was to track the global trends in morbidity and mortality from enteric infections in 204 countries or territories from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Screening Key Genes Related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cucumber Through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

Cucumber ( L.) is a crucial vegetable crop, requiring significant nitrogen fertilizer inputs. However, excessive nitrogen application not only impairs growth but also poses severe environmental risks.

Protective effects of Sulforaphene on kidney damage and gut dysbiosis in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious and prevalent complications associated with diabetes. Consequently, antidiabetic drugs or foods potentially protecting the kidneys are of significant therapeutic value. Sulforaphene (SFE) is a natural isothiocyanate derived from radish seeds, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Remarkable Enhancement of Bismuth Nanosphere Catalyst Activity for the Conversion of Electrocatalytic CO to Formate by Bromine Doping.

Driven by renewable energy, using electrocatalysis to reduce carbon dioxide (CO) to chemicals is a key technology. It could dim global carbon emissions and promote the carbon cycle. Here, we reported an approach to prepare a Br-doped Bi nanosphere (Br-doped Bi NSP) catalyst for the preparation of formate by electrochemical conversion of CO.

Hypoxanthine ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance by improving hepatic lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis via AMPK/mTOR/PPARα pathway.

Aim: Insulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal metabolic disorder associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the potential of hypoxanthine (Hx), a purine metabolite and uric acid precursor, in ameliorating IR and regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.

Methods: We utilized both in vitro IR-HepG2 cells and in vivo diet-induced IR mice to investigate the impact of Hx.

Mechanism regulation over dual-atom catalyst enables high-performance oxidative alcohol esterification.

The development of heterogeneous catalysts with well-defined uniform isolated or multiple active sites is of great importance for understanding catalytic performances and studying reaction mechanisms. Herein, we present a CoCu dual-atom catalyst (CoCu-DAC) where bonded Co-Cu dual-atom sites are embedded in N-doped carbon matrix with a well-defined Co(OH)CuN structure. The CoCu-DAC exhibits higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the Co single-atom catalyst (Co-SAC) and Cu single-atom catalyst (Cu-SAC) counterparts in the catalytic oxidative esterification of alcohols and a variety of methyl and alkyl esters have been successfully synthesized.

Combined bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide for treating people with HIV: a plain language summary of the BICSTaR study up to 1 year.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of an article about an ongoing study called the BICSTaR study.The BICSTaR study includes people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) who are taking a medicine called bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (shortened to B/F/TAF). B/F/TAF is a single tablet that contains 3 different drugs for the treatment of HIV.

Transcriptome profiling reveals key regulatory factors and metabolic pathways associated with curd formation and development in broccoli.

Broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, has a unique indeterminate inflorescence structure known as curds. It is the main edible organ of broccoli and has a rich nutritional value and health benefits. However, the formation and development mechanism of the curd is still not well understood.

Associations between special diet and incidence risk of osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a prevalent challenge in clinical orthopedics, affecting a significant percentage of individuals aged 50 and above. The goal of this study was to comprehensively understand the relationships between a specialized dietary regimen and the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Methods: This study employed extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics derived from the UK Biobank.

Sleep restriction promotes brain oxidative stress and inflammation, and aggravates cognitive impairment in insulin-resistant mice.

Sleep deprivation and insulin resistance (IR) are two risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. As the population of people with IR increases and sleep restriction (SR) due to staying up late becomes the "new normal", it is necessary to investigate the effects and molecular pathogenesis of chronic SR on cognitive function in insulin resistance. In this study, 4-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish IR model, and then the mice were subjected to SR for 21 days, and related indicators were assessed, including cognitive capacity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and adiponectin levels, for exploring the potential regulatory mechanisms.

Magnetized bentonite modified rice straw biochar: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cd(II) adsorption mechanism.

Industrialization has caused a significant global issue with cadmium (Cd) pollution. In this study, Biochar (Bc), generated through initial pyrolysis of rice straw, underwent thorough mixing with magnetized bentonite clay, followed by activation with KOH and subsequent pyrolysis. Consequently, a magnetized bentonite modified rice straw biochar (FeO@B-Bc) was successfully synthesized for effective treatment and remediation of this problem.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Enterobacterales causing bloodstream infections before and during COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) in Taiwan, 2018-2021.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program in Taiwan. Enterobacterales from patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) were collected and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and β-lactamase gene detection using a multiplex PCR assay.

The Burden of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss From 1990 to 2019: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Data.

Objectives: The relationship between long-term exposure to occupational noise and hearing loss has been extensively documented. We aimed to assess spatial and temporal changes in the burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) in 204 countries and territories with varying socio-demographic indexes (SDI) from 1990 to 2019.

Design: Temporal and spatial trends in age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) for ONIHL were estimated by sex, age, SDI level, country, and geographic region from 1990 to 2019.

Persistent pollution of genetic materials in a typical laboratory environment.

From the onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there are concerns regarding the disease spread and environmental pollution of biohazard since studies on genetic engineering flourish and numerous genetic materials were used such as the nucleic acid test of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this work, we studied genetic material pollution in an institute during a development cycle of plasmid, one of typical genetic materials, with typical laboratory settings. The pollution source, transmission routes, and pollution levels in laboratory environment were examined.

Enhanced polarization switching characteristics of HfO ultrathin films via acceptor-donor co-doping.

In the realm of ferroelectric memories, HfO-based ferroelectrics stand out because of their exceptional CMOS compatibility and scalability. Nevertheless, their switchable polarization and switching speed are not on par with those of perovskite ferroelectrics. It is widely acknowledged that defects play a crucial role in stabilizing the metastable polar phase of HfO.

Sulforaphane-Enriched Extracts from Broccoli Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens, Promising a Natural Antimicrobial Agent for Crop Protection.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of the hydrolysates of glucosinolates (GSLs), primarily derived from vegetables like broccoli. In clinical therapy, SFN has been proven to display antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the antimicrobial effects and mechanism of SFN against plant pathogens need to be further elucidated, which limits its application in agriculture.

Effects and mechanism of metal ions on the stability of glucosinolates in aqueous solution.

Glucosinolates (GLs) are important precursors of anticancer isothiocyanates in cruciferous plants. However, GLs in aqueous solution have been found to decompose under certain conditions, and the effect of metal ions remains unclear. In this study, high-purity glucoraphanin and glucoraphenin were used to explore the effects of metal ions with thermal treatment.

Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults.

Background: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program's five survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2018) were used to conduct cross-sectional research. Data on short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were collected from questionnaire data.

Three-dimensional ultrafast charge-density-wave dynamics in CuTe.

Charge density waves (CDWs) involved with electronic and phononic subsystems simultaneously are a common quantum state in solid-state physics, especially in low-dimensional materials. However, CDW phase dynamics in various dimensions are yet to be studied, and their phase transition mechanism is currently moot. Here we show that using the distinct temperature evolution of orientation-dependent ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics, different dimensional CDW phases are verified in CuTe.