Co-Occurring Mental and Physical Health Conditions Among Older Adults With and Without Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Control Study.

Objectives: Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among older adults range from 0.4%-4.5%.

Improving the etection, ssessment, anagement and revention of elirium in Hospices (the DAMPen-D study): Feasibility study of a flexible and scalable implementation strategy to deliver guideline-adherent delirium care.

Background: Delirium is a complex condition, stressful for all involved. Although highly prevalent in palliative care settings, it remains underdiagnosed and associated with poor outcomes. Guideline-adherent delirium care may improve its detection, assessment and management.

The use of microphysiological systems to model metastatic cancer.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the 21st century, with metastasis of cancer attributing to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes there is a need for better preclinical models to increase the success of translating oncological therapies into the clinic. Current traditional staticmodels lack a perfusable network which is critical to overcome the diffusional mass transfer limit to provide a mechanism for the exchange of essential nutrients and waste removal, and increase their physiological relevance.

Enzalutamide induces cytotoxicity in desmoplastic small round cell tumor independent of the androgen receptor.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1::WT1 fusion protein. DSRCT predominantly occurs in males, which comprise 80-90% of the patient population. While the reason for this male predominance remains unknown, one hypothesis is that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in DSRCT and elevated testosterone levels in males help drive tumor growth.

Lack of Association of Informant-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) from football are associated with the neurodegenerative tauopathy chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). It is unclear whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is sufficient to precipitate CTE neuropathology. We examined the association between TBI and CTE neuropathology in 580 deceased individuals exposed to RHIs from football.

Gelatin-containing porous polycaprolactone PolyHIPEs as substrates for 3D breast cancer cell culture and vascular infiltration.

Tumour survival and growth are reliant on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, to facilitate nutrient and waste exchange and, importantly, provide a route for metastasis from a primary to a secondary site. Whilst current models can ensure the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste via diffusion over distances greater than 200 μm, many lack sufficient vasculature capable of recapitulating the tumour microenvironment and, thus, metastasis. In this study, we utilise gelatin-containing polymerised high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) templated polycaprolactone-methacrylate (PCL-M) scaffolds to fabricate a composite material to support the 3D culture of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and vascular ingrowth.

Primary progressive aphasia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PPA-ALS): A longitudinal case study.

Objective: Approximately 50% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience cognitive decline, with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) accounting for up to 15% of these cases. Despite this, there is considerable delay in diagnosis, which affects patient care.

Methods: We report longitudinal results of neuropsychological evaluations in a patient diagnosed with non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Enzalutamide Induces Cytotoxicity in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Independent of the Androgen Receptor.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1::WT1 fusion protein. DSRCT predominantly occurs in males, which comprise 80-90% of the patient population. While the reason for this male predominance remains unknown, one hypothesis is that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in DSRCT and elevated testosterone levels in males help drive tumor growth.

Surfactant-free gelatin-stabilised biodegradable polymerised high internal phase emulsions with macroporous structures.

High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating is a well-established method for the generation of polymeric materials with high porosity (>74%) and degree of interconnectivity. The porosity and pore size can be altered by adjusting parameters during emulsification, which affects the properties of the resulting porous structure. However, there remain challenges for the fabrication of polyHIPEs, including typically small pore sizes (∼20-50 μm) and the use of surfactants, which can limit their use in biological applications.

Oral Edaravone - Introducing a Flexible Treatment Option for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease. While pharmacotherapy options remain limited, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved intravenous (IV) and oral edaravone for the treatment of ALS in 2017 and 2022, respectively. With the addition of oral edaravone, patients with ALS may exclusively use oral medications.

Impact of ligand chlorination and counterion tuning on high-field spin relaxation in a series of V(IV) complexes.

Methods of controlling spin coherence by molecular design are essential to efforts to develop molecular qubits for quantum information and sensing applications. In this manuscript, we perform the first studies of how arrangements of Cl nuclear spins in the ligand shell and counterion selection affect the coherent spin dynamics of V(IV) complexes at a high magnetic field. We prepared eight derivatives of the vanadium triscatecholate complex with varying arrangements of Cl substitution on the catechol backbone and RNH counterions (R = Et, -Bu, -Hex) and investigated these species structural and spectroscopic methods.

Development of PCL PolyHIPE Substrates for 3D Breast Cancer Cell Culture.

Cancer is a becoming a huge social and economic burden on society, becoming one of the most significant barriers to life expectancy in the 21st century. In particular, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. One of the most significant difficulties to finding efficient therapies for specific cancers, such as breast cancer, is the efficiency and ease of drug development and testing.

Health utilities and quality-adjusted life years for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis receiving or placebo in FORTITUDE-ALS.

Aims: To estimate the health utilities and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) receiving versus placebo in FORTITUDE-ALS.

Materials And Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of clinical trial data from FORTITUDE-ALS (NCT03160898). This Phase IIb, double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 12-week trial evaluated in patients with ALS.

Adverse Outcomes Associated With Interleukin-6 in Patients Recently Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We examined whether circulating levels of interleukin-6 identify patients at greater risk of adverse outcomes following hospitalization with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods: We assessed relationships between interleukin-6 (IL-6) tertiles (T1-3) and all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and subsequent heart failure hospitalization (sHFH) in 286 patients recently hospitalized with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Oral edaravone demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after 48 weeks of treatment.

Introduction/aims: An intravenous (IV) formulation of edaravone has been shown to slow the rate of physical functional decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An oral suspension formulation of edaravone was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with ALS. This study assessed the safety and tolerability of oral edaravone.

MiToS and King's staging as clinical outcome measures in ALS: a retrospective analysis of the FORTITUDE-ALS trial.

Objective: To evaluate the Milano-Torino staging (MiToS) and King's staging systems as potential outcome measures for clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by assessing these outcomes in FORTITUDE-ALS.

Methods: This was a analysis of the phase 2b FORTITUDE-ALS trial (NCT03160898), a double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of in patients with ALS. The treatment period was 12 weeks, with a follow-up assessment at week 16.

Futures Planning at the AAN: Approach and Initial Outcome.

We describe a process of organizational strategic future forecasting, with a horizon of 2035, as implemented by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) on behalf of its members, and as a model approach for other organizations. The participants were members of the 2018-2020 AAN Boards of Directors and Executive Team, moderated by a consultant with expertise in future forecasting. Four predetermined model scenarios of import to our field (1 "expectable," 1 "challenging," and 2 "visionary") were discussed in small groups, with alternative scenarios developed in specific domains.

Gut- and oral-dysbiosis differentially impact spinal- and bulbar-onset ALS, predicting ALS severity and potentially determining the location of disease onset.

Background: Prior studies on the role of gut-microbiome in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis have yielded conflicting results. We hypothesized that gut- and oral-microbiome may differentially impact two clinically-distinct ALS subtypes (spinal-onset ALS (sALS) vs. bulbar-onset ALS (bALS), driving disagreement in the field.

Research utility of a CAPS-IV and CAPS-5 hybrid interview: Posttraumatic stress symptom and diagnostic concordance in recent-era U.S. veterans.

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is used to measure posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its use, particularly in settings involving longitudinal assessment, has been complicated by changes in the diagnostic criteria between the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e.

Integrating Neuropsychology into Interprofessional Geriatrics Clinics.

Interprofessional healthcare teams are increasingly viewed as a clinical approach to meet the complex medical, psychological, and psychosocial needs of older adult patients. Despite the fact that older adults are at risk for cognitive difficulties, neuropsychologists are not routinely included on Geriatrics consult teams. The primary aim of this paper is to highlight the utility of neuropsychology within an interprofessional Geriatrics consult clinic.

ALSUntangled #63: ketogenic diets.

ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off label treatments with a goal of helping patients make more informed decisions about them. Here we review ketogenic diets. We shows that these have plausible mechanisms, including augmenting cellular energy balance and reducing excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Cadmium-Induced, Germline Mutations in a Long-Term Mutation-Accumulation Experiment.

Background: Germline mutations provide the raw material for all evolutionary processes and contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous human diseases and disorders. Yet despite the daily interaction of humans and other organisms with an increasing number of chemicals that are potentially mutagenic, precise measurements of chemically induced changes to the genome-wide rate and spectrum of germline mutation are lacking.

Objectives: A large-scale mutation-accumulation experiment was propagated in the presence and absence of an environmentally relevant cadmium concentration to quantify the influence of cadmium on germline mutation rates and spectra.

Factors associated with Noninvasive ventilation compliance in patients with ALS/MND.

: Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves survival and quality of life (QOL) in ALS, use of NIV is suboptimal. To determine compliance with "early" NIV initiation, requisite for the feasibility of a large study of early NIV initiation, and examine factors impacting compliance. : Seventy-three ALS participants with forced vital capacities (FVC) >50% were enrolled.

Pulmonary function decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

There has been no comprehensive longitudinal study of pulmonary functions (PFTS) in ALS determining which measure is most sensitive to declines in respiratory muscle strength. To determine the longitudinal decline of PFTS in ALS and which measure supports Medicare criteria for NIV initiation first. Serial PFTs (maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximum inspiratory pressure measured by mouth (MIP) or nasal sniff pressure (SNIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)) were performed over 12 months on 73 ALS subjects to determine which measure showed the sentinel decline in pulmonary function.