Comparing to three other enteric pathogens in OligoMM mice reveals pathogen-specific host and microbiota responses.

, non-typhoidal spp., and enteropathogenic/enterohemorrhagic (EPEC/EHEC) are leading causes of food-borne illness worldwide. has been used to model EPEC and EHEC infection in mice.

Oral Anticancer Therapies: Addressing Nonadherence in Patients With Breast Cancer.

This review aims to investigate the issue of treatment nonadherence and to present the available strategies to improve adherence to oral treatments in breast cancer. A literature search was conducted to contextualise the issue of nonadherence, investigate the reasons behind nonadherence, and demonstrate strategies to address treatment nonadherence in breast cancer. Findings indicate that adherence rates decrease while discontinuation rates increase with increasing lengths of breast cancer treatment course.

How to navigate the many direct-to-consumer microbiota analyses and why to use them.

Gut microbiota analysis, until a few years ago an exclusive research tool, has recently begun to spread among doctors and nutritionists around the world as a means aimed at better understanding patient disorders. As often happens, the commercial push has literally exploded and today there are numerous companies that offer microbiota analysis of dubious quality and/or as a business appliance aimed at selling supplements and the like. For non-experts it can therefore be difficult to find one's way among the numerous proposals.

Effects of Phytosome on Sleep Quality: Results of a Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Cross-Over Study.

Background: standardised extracts, characterised by the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, have been experimentally demonstrated to be endowed with anti-anxiety and anti-insomnia pharmacological actions. These effects, probably attributable, at least in part, to the role played by rosmarinic acid on GABA-T, have not always been observed in a reproducible manner in humans, perhaps due to the poor bioavailability of these compounds.

Methods: as nutraceuticals and botanicals could be an alternative option to prescription medications for alleviating symptoms of mild anxiety and insomnia, we have verified in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and cross-over study the supporting role on sleep quality played by a highly standardised extract, formulated as Phytosome™ (MOP) to improve the oral bioavailability of its active polyphenolic components.

Semiclassical description of nuclear quantum effects in solvated and condensed phase molecular systems.

In this perspective we deal with the challenge of investigating nuclear quantum effects in solvated and condensed phase molecular systems in a computationally affordable way. To this end, semiclassical methods are promising theoretical approaches, as we demonstrate through vibrational spectroscopy and reaction kinetics. We show that quantum vibrational features can be found in hydrates of carbonyl compounds and microsolvated amino acids, and we report quantum estimates of the low-temperature reaction rate constant of a unimolecular reaction taking place in a noble-gas matrix.

Nano in Micro: Novel Concepts in Foodborne Pathogen Transmission and Pathogenesis.

In this article, we highlight novel components of foodborne pathogens that influence their response, physiology, adaptation, and survival in the face of diverse stresses, and consequently have implications for their transmission in the food chain and their pathogenesis. Recent insights into the role of bacteriophages/prophages, bacterial extracellular vesicles, and bacterial microcompartments, which make up the emerging field we coined as "nano in micro," are presented, together with the role of understudied food-relevant substrates in pathogen fitness and virulence. These new insights also lead to reflections on generally adopted laboratory conditions in the long-standing research field of adaptive stress response in foodborne pathogens.

Assessment of Perceived Effort Through On-Field Hydration Monitoring: A Case Analysis.

This case report examines the correlation between hydration, weight variation, and perceived effort in a 43-year-old amateur athlete during a self-supported 81.5 km crossing of Death Valley, completed over 3 days with significant elevation changes. Studies have shown that a body mass loss greater than 2-3% can lead to an increased perception of effort and a decline in performance.

A Controlled, Retrospective, Single-Center Study to Evaluate the Role of a Probiotic Mixture Administered during Pregnancy in Reducing Streptococcus Agalactiae Swab Positivity and the Frequency of Premature Rupture of Amniochorionic Membranes.

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, considered able to prevent streptococcal transmission from mother to newborn and its severe negative consequences, leads to microbiota dysbiosis, described as having a negative impact on well-being in both elements of the dyad. L3 is a probiotic strain capable of exerting strong antagonistic activity against most streptococci, including , due to the production of bacteriocins (known as enterocins A and B). A proprietary probiotic mixture containing the strain L3 demonstrated, in 2016, a significant reduction in episodes of PROM in pregnant women, with a less-than-expected effect on the vaginal-rectal presence of the pathogen .

Draft genome sequence of non-pathogenic 5C LMG S-33222, isolated from healthy donor feces.

We present the genome sequence of 5C LMG S-33222, a non-pathogenic microorganism with potential probiotic features. The strain was isolated in 2021 from a fecal sample of a healthy Italian infant. The total genome size is 4,712,575 bp with a G + C content of 51%.

The Anti-Constipation Effect of Bifidobacterium Longum W11 Is Likely Due to a Key Genetic Factor Governing Arabinan Utilization.

Recent investigations have highlighted, both experimentally and clinically, that probiotic strains equipped with arabinofuranosidase, in particular and , favor regular intestinal motility, thus counteracting constipation. By analyzing the gene expression and the proliferative response in the presence of arabinan of the probiotic W11, a strain previously validated as an anti-constipation probiotic, we have speculated that its response mechanism to arabinan can effectively explain its clinical action. Our approach could be used in the future to select probiotics endowed with arabinofuranosidase-related anti-constipation effects.

The Fate of the Formic Acid Proton on the Anatase TiO(101) Surface.

As a prototype adsorption reaction of gas Brønsted acid on oxides, we study the adsorption of formic acid on anatase. We perform infrared spectroscopy measurements of adsorbed HCOOH and HCOOD on TiO nanopowders, from 13 K up to room temperature in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. We assign the IR signals via computed spectra from nuclear quantum dynamics simulations using our divide-and-conquer semiclassical ab initio molecular dynamics method.

A Perspective on the Investigation of Spectroscopy and Kinetics of Complex Molecular Systems with Semiclassical Approaches.

In this Perspective we show that semiclassical methods provide a rigorous hierarchical way to study the vibrational spectroscopy and kinetics of complex molecular systems. The time averaged approach to spectroscopy and the semiclassical transition state theory for kinetics, which have been first adopted and then further developed in our group, provide accurate quantum results on rigorous physical grounds and can be applied even when dealing with a large number of degrees of freedom. In spectroscopy, the multiple coherent, divide-and-conquer, and adiabatically switched semiclassical approaches have practically permitted overcoming issues related to the convergence of results.

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Particularly Butyrate, in Oncological Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Effectiveness of Complementary Treatment with 588.

The discovery of immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1) and their impact on the prognosis of oncological diseases have paved the way for the development of revolutionary oncological treatments. These treatments do not combat tumors with drugs "against" cancer cells but rather support and enhance the ability of the immune system to respond directly to tumor growth by attacking the cancer cells with lymphocytes. It has now been widely demonstrated that the presence of an adequate immune response, essentially represented by the number of TILs (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) present in the tumor mass decisively influences the response to treatments and the prognosis of the disease.

Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis.

Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation.

in infectious disease: A new target for this next-generation probiotic?

The common gastrointestinal commensal is a mucin-degrading bacterium that is greatly reduced in individuals consuming a high-fat diet. Increasing evidence from a variety of clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests that oral supplementation with can improve metabolic health and moderate systemic inflammation. We and others have demonstrated a role for administration in protection against infectious disease and the outcome from sepsis.

Differential Expression of NOTCH-1 and Its Molecular Targets in Response to Metronomic Followed by Conventional Therapy in a Patient with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

A group of 27 patients diagnosed with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) was randomly distributed into two groups and underwent different lines of metronomic treatment (mCHT). The former group (N 14) received first-line mCHT and showed a higher overall survival rate than the second group (N 13), which underwent second-line mCHT. Analysis of one patient still alive from the first group, diagnosed with mTNBC in 2019, showed a complete metabolic response (CMR) after a composite approach implicating first-line mCHT followed by second-line epirubicin and third-line nab-paclitaxel, and was chosen for subsequent molecular characterization.

The Potential Role of Probiotics, Especially Butyrate Producers, in the Management of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Induced by Oncologic Chemo-Radiotherapy.

Many clinical studies have now highlighted how the composition of the intestinal microbiota can regulate the effects of many oncological therapies. In particular, the modulation of microbial composition has been shown to enhance their efficacy and reduce potential side effects. Numerous adverse events induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy appear to be strongly associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota caused by these treatments.

Safety and efficacy of a class II medical device based on highly purified and standardized plant extracts in the management of post-menopausal patients with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: a single-center prospective observational study.

Background: Despite the gold standard treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is based on the use of local or systemic estrogen-containing products, the typical long-term side effects of hormonal treatments and, most importantly, the contraindications in patients with history of breast and endometrial neoplasms do limit in some extent its use. As hyaluronic acid and some highly purified botanicals have clearly demonstrated their anti-inflammatory and mucosa-protecting properties, we have tested, in women with GSM, a class II vaginal medical device containing hyaluronate gel and a mucoadhesive active enriched with purified alkylamides from Zanthoxylum bungeanum, triterpenes from Centella asiatica and high molecular weight polysaccharides from Tamarindus indica.

Methods: Our single-center, open-label, prospective and observational study was conducted on 50 menopausal women enrolled at the Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital in Rome, Italy.

Corrigendum: Aromatase inhibitors: the journey from the state of the art to clinical open questions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.