Brown adipose tissue is associated with reduced weight loss and risk of cancer cachexia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been mainly investigated as a potential target against cardiometabolic disease, but it has also been linked to cancer-related outcomes. Although preclinical data support that BAT and the thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue may play an adverse role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, results from studies in patients have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship between presence of detectable BAT, changes in body weight, and cachexia in patients with cancer.

Preprosthetic Surgery-Narrative Review and Current Debate.

This review describes the role of modern preprosthetic surgery. The atrophic edentulous jaw can cause severe functional impairment for patients, leading to inadequate denture retention, reduced quality of life, and significant health problems. The aim of preprosthetic surgery is to restore function and form due to tooth loss arising from congenital deformity, trauma, or ablative surgery.

Computer assisted diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using statistical likelihood-ratio test.

The purpose of this work is to present a computer assisted diagnostic tool for radiologists in their diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A statistical likelihood-ratio procedure from signal detection theory was implemented in the detection of Alzheimer's disease. The probability density functions of the likelihood ratio were constructed by using medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC).

Graeme Warrack: oral surgeon and war hero.

This paper describes the heroic efforts of Graeme Warrack, an oral surgeon, to save as many lives as possible during the battles around Arnhem in 1944. As the chief medical officer (CMO) of the medical section of the 1st British Airborne Division, he and his staff took care of many casualties, both on the battlefield and at the emergency hospital in Apeldoorn, north of Arnhem. He escaped from the hospital when all the patients were to be transported to prisoner of war (POW) camps in Germany, and was hidden by a Dutch family.

Onlay bone grafts from iliac crest: a retrospective analysis.

This study was performed to address the outcomes of patients treated with onlay grafts from the iliac crest to augment the deficient jaw. The results of 173 consecutive patients who underwent bone grafting prior to implant surgery are presented. The grafts were taken from the anterior iliac crest to repair alveolar bone deficiencies that were too large to be corrected using intraoral bone grafts.

Environmental factors influencing participation of stroke survivors in a Western Cape setting.

Background: Environmental factors compound or diminish the effects of impairments; therefore they have a direct influence on participation of stroke survivors.

Objectives: To determine environmental barriers and facilitators to participation experienced by a group of stroke survivors in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Methods: A descriptive, mixed methods study was conducted in 2011.

Managing Viral Hepatitis C: HCV: New Opportunities, High CostTwo new biologics establish a higher standard of care. Managing these agents, however, will be highly complex.

Two new biologics for HCV present treatment and cost-management challenges.

Applying the whole-system settings approach to food within universities.

Universities represent an important setting for promoting health and well-being--and specifically for developing systems that support healthy and sustainable food procurement and provision. By drawing on the whole-system settings approach and working within the framework offered by Healthy Universities, higher education institutions are in a strong position to address the full range of issues that make up the university 'foodscape', thereby promoting health in an integrated and far-reaching way that takes account of the relationships between environments and behaviours, and between staff, students and the wider community. Informed particularly by work in England, this paper uses a healthy settings model to explore and discuss how the Healthy Universities approach can help to ensure a holistic and integrated approach to addressing issues relating to food.

What is the quality of the evidence base for pre-implant surgery of the atrophic jaw?

This review aimed to evaluate the level of evidence for bone augmentation preimplant surgery for atrophic jaws in studies which measure outcome. Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and online journal searches were performed with a defined search strategy and the abstracts screened against selection criteria. The resultant papers were sorted by study design using the Cochrane study design algorithm, analysed for clinical/statistical homogeneity and graded with the Oxford Centre of Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence.

Ten years of experience with the anterior maxillary and mandibular osteoplasty (class IV ridges): a retrospective analysis of implant survival rates.

The anterior maxillary osteoplasty restores adequate bone to the edentulous Class IV ridge prior to placement of endosseous implants. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the long-term survival of implants placed into the particulate bone of an anterior alveolar osteoplasty to those placed into a 'block' onlay bone graft. Of 85 patients with Class IV 'knife-edge' alveolar ridges, 50 received interpositional particulate bone via an alveolar osteoplasty and 35 received an onlay cortico-cancellous graft.

Oral rehabilitation of a patient with diffuse lymphangiomatosis affecting the maxilla: a case report.

A case is presented in which diffuse lymphangiomatosis resulted in the complete loss of the maxillary dentoalveolar complex and underlying basal bone. The complex investigation and treatment of this patient over a 10-year period is presented, and the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in providing a functional and esthetic rehabilitation is highlighted. The use of a vascularized bone graft based on the deep circumflex iliac artery and subsequent restoration with an implant-supported prosthesis is described.

The further development and validation of the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire: a cross-sectional survey of patients attending for oral rehabilitation and general dental practice.

Background: Since the first version of the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire (LORQ) was first published in 2004, the questionnaire has been modified to include more detail on chewing and appearance, and also details of denture, dental and implant status.

Aim: The aim of this study is to report the ongoing development and validation of the LORQ version3.

Methods: A postal survey of the LORQv3 and OHIP-14 questionnaires was performed in April 2004 of 164 patients who had attended the oral rehabilitation clinic from February 2000.

Trends in head and neck microvascular reconstructive surgery in Liverpool (1992-2001).

Microvascular reconstructive techniques in head and neck surgery are well established, but we are now entering an era of modification exemplified by perforator and free style free flaps. We present a review of the database introduced into the unit in 1992 over a 10-year period, during which time 977 patients with malignant disease were operated on and 620 defects were reconstructed with free flaps. There were 358 radial forearm flaps, 78 composite radial forearm flaps, 84 iliac crest flaps, 43 fibular flaps, 24 from the scapula, 26 from the latissimus dorsi, 4 from the rectus abdominis, and 3 from the lateral arm.

Oral rehabilitation after treatment for head and neck malignancy.

Background: Advances in the management of oral malignancy have resulted in significant improvements in survival and functional outcome. Ablation of oral tissues and radiotherapy render many patients unable to wear conventional prostheses, and these patients are, thus, candidates for oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants. We aim to present outcomes and complications of such treatment over a 14-year period in a single unit.

Survey of oral rehabilitation in a consecutive series of 130 patients treated by primary resection for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of oral rehabilitation in a group of patients who had primary resection of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Of 132 consecutive patients operated on for previously untreated disease between January 1995 and June 1997, 130 were recruited. The University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire was completed on the day before operation at 6 and 12 months, and at last review.

Changes in facial form relative to progressive atrophy of the edentulous jaws.

The surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation of the edentulous patient aims to restore oral function and facial form. Planning treatment requires an understanding of the effect of progressive jaw atrophy, and the concomitant effect on the soft tissues of the face. This study examined 179 Caucasians at different stages of jaw atrophy according to the Cawood and Howell classification; various standard anthropological measurements of the face, according to Farkas, were also taken.

The Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire: a pilot study.

There are several validated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires designed to record patient-derived outcomes in head and neck cancer. None deals specifically with oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to pilot a new questionnaire, the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire (LORQ).

Further malignancy in field change adjacent to osseointegrated implants.

The role of endosseous implants in oral rehabilitation following ablation of oral tumours is established, however the oncological review of these patients has rarely been discussed in the literature. We describe two cases where second primary malignancy in the peri-implant tissues necessitated further major resections. In both cases, the initial clinical appearance and histology suggested peri-implantitis.

Vascularized iliac crest with internal oblique muscle for immediate reconstruction after maxillectomy.

The vascularized iliac crest graft with internal oblique muscle as a method of reconstruction after maxillectomy has been used routinely at the Regional Maxillofacial Unit in Liverpool since 1993. Twenty-four consecutive operations have now been done and this paper reports an audit of our experience. An analysis of case-notes was made retrospectively after checking theatre diaries and records.