Improved Ballistic Impact Resistance of Nanofibrillar Cellulose Films with Discontinuous Fibrous Bouligand Architecture.

Natural protective materials offer unparalleled solutions for impact-resistant material designs that are simultaneously lightweight, strong, and tough. Particularly, the Bouligand structure found in the dactyl club of mantis shrimp and the staggered structure in nacre achieve excellent mechanical strength, toughness, and impact resistance. Previous studies have shown that hybrid designs by combining different bioinspired microstructures can lead to enhanced mechanical strength and energy dissipation.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Aerobic Exercise for Smoking Cessation Among Individuals With Elevated Depressive Symptoms.

Introduction: Adults with depression have higher rates of cigarette smoking and are more likely to relapse than those without depression. Pharmacological, psychological, and combined interventions have largely yielded small improvements in smoking outcomes for adults with depression. Aerobic exercise (AE) may facilitate smoking cessation in this subpopulation.

HIV-PASS (Pain and Sadness Support): Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavioral Health Intervention for Interference Due to Pain in People Living With HIV, Chronic Pain, and Depression.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether HIV-Pain and Sadness Support (HIV-PASS), a collaborative behavioral health intervention based on behavioral activation, is associated with decreased pain-related interference with daily activities, depression, and other outcomes in people living with HIV.

Methods: We conducted a three-site clinical trial ( n = 187) in which we randomly assigned participants to receive either HIV-PASS or health education control condition. In both conditions, participants received seven intervention sessions, comprising an initial in-person joint meeting with the participant, their HIV primary care provider and a behavioral health specialist, and six, primarily telephone-based, meetings with the behavioral health specialist and participant.

User-centered preferences for a gait-informed alcohol intoxication app.

Background: mHealth technology can be used as a potential intervention for alcohol-related consequences. Applications designed to monitor alcohol use and relay information to the user may help to reduce risky behavior. Acceptability of such applications needs to be assessed.

Single-arm Pilot Trial of Hatha Yoga for Adolescents with Depression.

The prevalence of adolescent depression is increasing, particularly among girls. Existing evidence-based treatments have limitations and/or may not be acceptable to all adolescents and parents. There is evidence that hatha yoga may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for depression in adults.

Effects of a bout of exercise on mood in people with depression with and without physical pain.

Physical and mental health symptoms can reduce participation in physical activity. The current study assessed the impact of a bout of exercise on mood state in depressed participants with and without current physical pain. We enrolled a community sample of 147 participants ( = 45.

Improving functioning in HIV+ patients with chronic pain and comorbid depression: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial testing a collaborative behavioral health intervention based on behavioral activation.

Objective: Persons living with HIV (PWH) experience a disproportionate level of comorbid chronic pain and depression compared to individuals who do not have a diagnosis of HIV. Many PWH report pain that impairs daily function, is severe, and requires medical management. Depression alone is associated with HIV disease progression, medication non-adherence, and increased mortality.

Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain Used by Patients with Pain, HIV, and Depression.

The objective of this study was to understand pain treatment utilization, perceived efficacy, and differences in utilization by gender, clinic site, chronicity of pain, pain severity, and depression severity among people living with HIV (PLWH), chronic pain, and elevated depression symptoms. Participants included 187 PLWH at three HIV clinics in the U.S.

Teens' perspectives on yoga as a treatment for stress and depression.

Objective: To understand adolescents' experiences and attitudes toward yoga, with a particular focus on acceptability and feasibility of a yoga intervention for depressed adolescents.

Design: Qualitative analysis of data from three focus groups and eight individual interviews, for a total of 22 teen participants.

Setting: Outpatient setting in a psychiatric hospital in the U.

Combined intervention approaches for initiating and maintaining physical activity in depressed individuals: design and rationale of the Project MOVE randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Regular engagement in physical activity decreases risks for many chronic conditions, and may also improve depression symptoms. However, rates of physical activity and adherence to exercise interventions remain low among depressed individuals relative to non-depressed individuals.

Methods: This is a study protocol for Project MOVE.

Categorizing Cannabis and Alcohol Use Patterns of Emerging Adults in Psychiatric Partial Hospitalization Treatment.

Background: Emerging adulthood is a common and problematic time for alcohol and cannabis use. Emerging adulthood also represents a vulnerable time period for anxiety and depression. Substance use and mental health issues are highly comorbid, yet substance use is commonly neglected in psychiatric care.

Emerging Adults' Discussion of Substance Use and Sexual Behavior with Providers.

Emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) is a time of increased autonomy and associated with a high rate of risky substance use and sexual behavior. As emerging adults (EA) increasingly have more independence, they have the ability to make health decisions, including whether to see a provider (primary care (PCP) and/or gynecologist (GYN)) and whether to discuss substance use and sexual behavior. The current study aimed to determine: (1) factors associated with PCP and GYN health-care seeking by sexually active EA who use alcohol and/or marijuana; (2) gender differences in substance use and sexual risk topics initiated by providers; (3) whether PCPs compared to GYNs discuss different topics with women.

Marijuana use motives mediate the association between experiences of childhood abuse and marijuana use outcomes among emerging adults.

Introduction: Experiences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and childhood physical abuse (CPA) are associated with poor mental health outcomes including substance use in subsequent years. Marijuana use motives (i.e.

Impact of Nicotine and Other Stimulants on Sleep in Young Adults.

Objectives: Sleep problems can have long-term negative consequences. This study explored the relationship of commonly used stimulant substances to poor sleep quality in young adults.

Methods: We surveyed 498 participants, aged 18 to 25, who reported recent alcohol or marijuana use.

A longitudinal evaluation of the role of alcohol self-concept in alcohol use, motives, negative affect, and alcohol-related problems among emerging adults.

Background And Objectives: Emerging adulthood is a time of identity formation, and is also the most common time period for individuals to consume alcohol. Alcohol self-concept (or drinking identity) has been associated cross-sectionally with rates of alcohol use and use-related problems. Additionally, there is preliminary evidence that alcohol self-concept is related to negative affect and to alcohol use motives.

Identity as a cannabis user is related to problematic patterns of consumption among emerging adults.

Introduction: Cannabis use has become a more normative, socially-acceptable behavior in the United States, despite research indicating that frequent use may become problematic for some individuals. Emerging adulthood, a time of identity development, is the most common time for cannabis use. Cannabis self-concept, or one's identification with cannabis as part of their personality or identity, is one factor that may influence use behavior.

A developmental-based motivational intervention to reduce alcohol and marijuana use among non-treatment-seeking young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To test the hypothesis that among non-treatment-seeking emerging adults (EA) who both use marijuana and have alcohol binges, a brief, longitudinally delivered, developmentally based motivational intervention would show greater reductions in the use of these two substances compared with a health education control condition.

Design: Parallel, two-group, randomized controlled trial with follow-up interventions conducted at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months and final assessments at 12 and 15 months.

Setting: Hospital-based research unit in the United States.

Energy drinks and alcohol-related risk among young adults.

Background: Energy drink consumption, with or without concurrent alcohol use, is common among young adults. This study sought to clarify risk for negative alcohol outcomes related to the timing of energy drink use.

Methods: The authors interviewed a community sample of 481 young adults, aged 18-25, who drank alcohol in the last month.

Mostly Smokers: Identifying Subtypes of Emerging Adult Substance Users.

Background: The concurrent use of marijuana and other substances among emerging adults (ages 18-25) is a major public health problem. This study examined if there are distinct subtypes of emerging adult marijuana users and if these are associated with demographic and substance use variables.

Methods: The design was a cross-sectional interview with a community sample of 1,503 emerging adults in the northeastern U.

Multilevel Provider-Based Sampling for Recruitment of Pregnant Women and Mother-Newborn Dyads.

Objective: In 2010, the National Children's Study launched 3 alternative recruitment methods to test possible improvements in efficiency compared with traditional household-based recruitment and participant enrollment. In 2012, a fourth method, provider-based sampling (PBS), tested a probability-based sampling of prenatal provider locations supplemented by a second cohort of neonates born at a convenience sample of maternity hospitals.

Methods: From a sampling frame of 472 prenatal care provider locations and 59 maternity hospitals, 49 provider and 7 hospital locations within or just outside 3 counties participated in study recruitment.

Hazardously Drinking Jailed Women: Post-Release Perceived Needs and Risk of Reincarceration.

Women who drink hazardously face a high risk for re-arrest and reincarceration when they return to their communities after a jail stay. This study is the first to examine the associations between women's own reports of basic needs 1 month after jail release, and reincarceration (defined as spending at least one night in jail) during the next 5 months among unsentenced, female pretrial jail detainees who drink hazardously. Perceived needs for housing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.

Consenting postpartum women for use of routinely collected biospecimens and/or future biospecimen collection.

The National Children's Study (NCS) Harris County, Texas Study Center participated in the NCS Provider Based Sampling (PBS) substudy of the NCS Vanguard Phase pilot. As part of the hospital-based birth cohort component of the PBS substudy, we conducted a secondary data analysis to evaluate the proportion of postpartum women who consented to future biospecimen collection alone and to both future collection and use of residual birth biospecimens. In phase 1, 32 postpartum women at one hospital were asked to consent only to maternal future biospecimen collection.

An Open Trial of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers.

Introduction: Smoking cessation pharmacotherapies tested in persons with opioid use disorder have produced low quit rates. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been used by many methadone-maintained (MMT) smokers, but controlled trials evaluating cessation and reduction outcomes have not been performed in this population with deleterious tobacco-related health consequences.

Methods: In this open trial of NJOY e-cigarettes, MMT smokers received 6 weeks of treatment and were instructed to use only e-cigarettes.

E-cigarette knowledge, attitudes, and use in opioid dependent smokers.

Individuals in treatment for opioid dependence have smoking rates 3-5 times greater than the U.S. prevalence rate.

Synthetic Cannabinoids: Use and Predictors in a Community Sample of Young Adults.

Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a class of drugs of abuse with deleterious consequences. Despite governmental regulations related to distribution and sale, SC variants are still available online. More research is needed to determine SC use prevalence and factors associated with SC use, especially among young adults.