Improving recovery after bowel cancer surgery: mixed methods feasibility study of a co-produced information intervention (Recover Together).

Aim: Recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer is a complex process, involving numerous physiological, emotional, social and economic challenges. Good information is a key factor for enabling patients to recover well, but there is a paucity of evidence to guide how this should be done. A new information intervention (Recover Together) comprising a booklet, an online video and an inpatient goal board has been developed.

Cohort profile: Understanding the influence of early life environments and health and social service system contacts over time and across generations through the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) Linked Data Study.

Purpose: Despite the volume of accumulating knowledge from prospective Aboriginal cohort studies, longitudinal data describing developmental trajectories in health and well-being is limited. The linkage of child and carer cohorts from a historical cross-sectional survey with longitudinal health-service and social-service administrative data has created a unique and powerful data resource that underpins the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) linked data study. This study aims to provide evidence-based information to Aboriginal communities across Western Australia, governments and non-government agencies on the heterogeneous life trajectories of Aboriginal children and families.

Informing nursing policy: An exploration of digital health research by nurses in England.

Aims: Digital health technologies are designed, implemented, and evaluated to support clinical practice, enable patients to self-manage illness, and further public and global health. Nursing and health policies often emphasise the importance of evidence-based digital health services to deliver better care. However, the contribution nurses make to digital health research in many countries is unknown.

The application and use of artificial intelligence in cancer nursing: A systematic review.

Purpose: Artificial Intelligence is being applied in oncology to improve patient and service outcomes. Yet, there is a limited understanding of how these advanced computational techniques are employed in cancer nursing to inform clinical practice. This review aimed to identify and synthesise evidence on artificial intelligence in cancer nursing.

Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria.

Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term 'de-extinction' is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of 'extinct in the wild' species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression and cytokine profiling in patients with intermittent claudication who exhibit exercise induced acute renal injury.

Background: Intermittent claudication (IC) is a common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease. Some patients with IC experience a rise in Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG)/ Creatinine (Cr) ratio, a marker of renal injury, following exercise. In this study, we aim to investigate whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with IC who exhibit a rise in urinary NAG/ Cr ratio following exercise exhibit differential IL-10/ IL-12 ratio and gene expression compared to those who do not have a rise in NAG/ Cr ratio.

Understanding Whole Grain Consumption among Low-Income Older Adults Using the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Older adults have low whole grain (WG) intake. This qualitative study used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to identify low-income older adults' WG beliefs. A convenience sample of 25 low-income adults 60 years and older were interviewed using questions developed based on TPB constructs: behavioral, normative, and control beliefs.

Self-care support of diet and the gut in the routine care of school-age children with long-term conditions: An integrative review.

There is policy impetus for provision of self-care support (SCS) for children with long-term conditions (LTCs). However, it is not clear what SCS should consist of and how it can be delivered in routine care. This review aimed to synthesise the literature, specifically on SCS of diet and the gut as these components are essential for optimal growth and development and enhanced quality of life.

Absolute quantification of priority bacteria in aquaculture using digital PCR.

Modern aquaculture systems are designed for intensive rearing of fish or other species. Both land-based and offshore systems typically contain high loads of biomass and the water quality in these systems is of paramount importance for fish health and production. Microorganisms play a crucial role in removal of organic matter and nitrogen-recycling, production of toxic hydrogen sulfide (HS), and can affect fish health directly if pathogenic for fish or exerting probiotic properties.

Racial discrimination and allostatic load among First Nations Australians: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Background: Increased allostatic load is linked with racial discrimination exposure, providing a mechanism for the biological embedding of racism as a psychosocial stressor. We undertook an examination of how racial discrimination interacts with socioecological, environmental, and health conditions to affect multisystem dysregulation in a First Nations population.

Methods: We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) using indicators of life stress, socioeconomic background, and physical and mental health from a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal adults (N = 2056).

Levelling Education Outcomes for Students With Medical and Mental Health Needs.

Students' educational and behavioural outcomes can be adversely impacted by the unique challenges posed by chronic health conditions. As some children and adolescents may live with these challenges throughout their education, hospital-based educators play a crucial role in reducing the impacts of health conditions on educational outcomes. This study assessed the extent to which the support provided by the School of Special Educational Needs: Medical and Mental Health (SSEN:MMH, Western Australia) attenuated the negative association between higher absences and lower student outcomes.

Metformin directly suppresses atherosclerosis in normoglycaemic mice via haematopoietic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.

Aims: Atherosclerotic vascular disease has an inflammatory pathogenesis. Heme from intraplaque haemorrhage may drive a protective and pro-resolving macrophage M2-like phenotype, Mhem, via AMPK and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1). The antidiabetic drug metformin may also activate AMPK-dependent signalling.

Hematoma Resolution In Vivo Is Directed by Activating Transcription Factor 1.

Rationale: The efficient resolution of tissue hemorrhage is an important homeostatic function. In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/ATF1 (activating transcription factor-1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1; ) and lipid homeostasis genes.

Objective: We asked whether this pathway had an in vivo role in mice.

Racial discrimination and child and adolescent health in longitudinal studies: A systematic review.

Rationale: The association between racial discrimination and adverse health outcomes has been documented across an increasing body of evidence in recent years, although a close examination of longitudinal studies has not yet taken place. This review applied a life course lens in examining the evidence for a longitudinal association between racial discrimination exposure during childhood and adolescence, and later mental and physical health outcomes.

Method: Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, ERIC, CINAHL Plus, Academic Search Premier and SocINDEX were searched from earliest records to October 2017 for eligible articles.

The lived experience of adults with cystic fibrosis: what they would tell their younger selves about the gut.

Background: Little is known about adults' experience of living with cystic fibrosis (CF) specifically in relation to the gut. However, their unique perspectives may be meaningful to children with CF and inform the understanding and practice of dietitians. The present study aimed to explore adults' lived experience of the CF gut and how they learnt to manage the gut as they were growing up.

Racial discrimination and the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: Does the timing of first exposure matter?

Racial discrimination has been observed to negatively impact on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, although evidence surrounding periods of greater vulnerability to the stressor of racism have not yet been explored in this population. We compared first exposure to interpersonal racism at either ages 4-5 years or 7 years with no exposure to examine the influence of sensitive periods of racism exposure on mental health and physiological outcomes during middle childhood (7-12 years). The study cohort comprised 1,759 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 4-12 years from waves 2-8 (2009-2015) of the Footprints in Time: 1The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) dataset.

Caregiver-perceived racial discrimination is associated with diverse mental health outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 7-12 years.

Background: Racial discrimination is acknowledged as a central social determinant of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Aboriginal) health, although quantitative empirical literature on the impacts of racism on Aboriginal children remains sparse. We use a novel, longitudinal dataset to explore the relationship between caregiver-perceived racism exposure and a range of mental health and related behavioural and physiological outcomes in childhood.

Method: The study cohort comprised 1759 Aboriginal children aged 4-12 years from waves 2-8 (2009-2015) of the Footprints in Time: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) dataset.

Efficiency and sensitivity of the digital droplet PCR for the quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in soils and organic residues.

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allows absolute quantification and tolerance to inhibitors and has been proposed as the method of choice to overcome limitations of qPCR. The aim of this study was to evaluate ddPCR and qPCR performances to detect low copy number and copy number variation of antibiotic resistance genes (sul1 and qnrB genes encoding for resistance to sulfonamides and quinolones, respectively) using bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) and metagenomic DNA extracted from soil and organic residue samples. With gDNA, qPCR showed a better range of quantification but the lower limit of quantification was at 15 copies of qnrB target vs.

Decreased HLA-DR antigen-associated invariant chain (CD74) mRNA expression predicts mortality after septic shock.

Introduction: Septic syndromes remain the leading cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICU). Septic patients rapidly develop immune dysfunctions, the intensity and duration of which have been linked with deleterious outcomes. Decreased mRNA expressions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-related genes have been reported after sepsis.

Systems analysis of the transcriptional response of human ileocecal epithelial cells to Clostridium difficile toxins and effects on cell cycle control.

Background: Toxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB) are Clostridium difficile's principal virulence factors, yet the pathways by which they lead to inflammation and severe diarrhea remain unclear. Also, the relative role of either toxin during infection and the differences in their effects across cell lines is still poorly understood. To better understand their effects in a susceptible cell line, we analyzed the transciptome-wide gene expression response of human ileocecal epithelial cells (HCT-8) after 2, 6, and 24 hr of toxin exposure.

Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses).

Premise Of The Study: The Sphagnopsida, an early-diverging lineage of mosses (phylum Bryophyta), are morphologically and ecologically unique and have profound impacts on global climate. The Sphagnopsida are currently classified in two genera, Sphagnum (peat mosses) with some 350-500 species and Ambuchanania with one species. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships among species and genera in the Sphagnopsida were conducted to resolve major lineages and relationships among species within the Sphagnopsida.

Peatmoss (Sphagnum) diversification associated with Miocene Northern Hemisphere climatic cooling?

Global climate changes sometimes spark biological radiations that can feed back to effect significant ecological impacts. Northern Hemisphere peatlands dominated by living and dead peatmosses (Sphagnum) harbor almost 30% of the global soil carbon pool and have functioned as a net carbon sink throughout the Holocene, and probably since the late Tertiary. Before that time, northern latitudes were dominated by tropical and temperate plant groups and ecosystems.

A technique for estimating one-dimensional diffusion coefficients in low-permeability sedimentary rock using X-ray radiography: comparison with through-diffusion measurements.

The measurement of diffusive properties of low-permeability rocks is of interest to the nuclear power industry, which is considering the option of deep geologic repositories for management of radioactive waste. We present a simple, non-destructive, constant source in-diffusion method for estimating one-dimensional pore diffusion coefficients (D(p)) in geologic materials based on X-ray radiography. Changes in X-ray absorption coefficient (Deltamicro) are used to quantify changes in relative concentration (C/C(0)) of an X-ray attenuating iodide tracer as the tracer solution diffuses through the rock pores.