Surface-Functionalised Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: A Pathway to Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Control in Medical Devices.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) offer promising antimicrobial properties against a range of pathogens, addressing the urgent issue of antibiotic resistance. This study details the synthesis of glutamic acid-coated CuONPs (GA-CuONPs) and their functionalisation on medical-grade silicone tubing, using an oxysilane bonding agent. The resulting coating shows significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, while remaining non-toxic to human cells and exhibiting stable adherence, without leaching.

Use of diatomaceous earth to control nymphal American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae): laboratory to simulated field experiments.

Diatomaceous earth (DE) recently was shown to rapidly kill ticks. Proof of concept for use of DE to kill the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, the most widely distributed native three-host tick in North America, has not been investigated. Unfed D.

Antipathogenic Applications of Copper Nanoparticles in Air Filtration Systems.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for effective air filtration systems in healthcare environments to mitigate the spread of viral and bacterial pathogens. This study explores the utilization of copper nanoparticle-coated materials for air filtration, offering both antiviral and antimicrobial properties. Highly uniform spherical copper oxide nanoparticles (~10 nm) were synthesized via a spinning disc reactor and subsequently functionalized with carboxylated ligands to ensure colloidal stability in aqueous solutions.

Acaricidal Biominerals and Mode-of-Action Studies against Adult Blacklegged Ticks, .

Ticks in the USA are the most important arthropod vector of microbes that cause human and animal disease. The blacklegged tick, , the focus of this study, is able to transmit the bacteria that causes Lyme disease in humans in the USA. The main approach to tick control is the use of chemical acaricides and repellents, but known and potential tick resistance to these chemicals requires the discovery of new methods of control.

Mosquito Blood Feeding Prevention Using an Extra-Low DC Voltage Charged Cloth.

Mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue pose a major threat to human health. Personal protection from mosquito blood feeding is mostly by treating clothing with insecticides and the use of repellents on clothing and skin. Here, we developed a low-voltage, mosquito-resistant cloth (MRC) that blocked all blood feeding across the textile and was flexible and breathable.

Comparison of the onset and offset times of two available formulations of rocuronium bromide in an animal model.

Rocuronium bromide is a neuromuscular blocker in widespread use in anaesthesia, emergency and intensive care. Reports of reduced efficacy of a new different formulation of rocuronium bromide were submitted to Medsafe, the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, in 2020. Given the requirement for rapid and predictable paralysis for patient safety the efficacy of the two available formulations of rocuronium bromide was investigated in an animal model.

Premorbid beta blockade in sepsis is associated with a lower risk of a lactate concentration above the lactate threshold, a retrospective cohort study.

Sepsis and septic shock represent a significant worldwide mortality burden. A lactate greater than 4 mmol/L is associated with increased mortality in septic patients. This is the concentration at the "lactate threshold" where serum lactate concentrations rise markedly with increased workload in exercise.

Vaterite vectors for the protection, storage and release of silver nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have found widespread commercial applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, their relatively poor stability remains a main problem. An ideal way to improve the stability of AgNPs is not only to endow colloidal stability to individual nanoparticles but also to protect them from environmental factors that induce their agglomeration, like variation of ionic strength and pH, presence of macromolecules, etc.

Camellia sinensis solvent extract, epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine confer trophocidal and cysticidal effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii.

We examined the anti-acanthamoebic efficacy of green tea Camellia sinensis solvent extract (SE) or its chemical constituents against Acanthamoeba castellanii by using anti-trophozoite, anti-encystation, and anti-excystation assays. C. sinensis SE (625-5000 µg/mL) inhibited trophozoite replication within 24-72 h.

pH Gradient Liposomes Extract Protein Bound Amitriptyline in Peritoneal Dialysis-Exploratory Work.

Poisoning is a significant cause of injury-related death worldwide. Dialysis is usually ineffective in removing the toxin once it has been absorbed because of drug protein binding and high volumes of distribution. In this work, we explore whether the addition of liposomes to peritoneal dialysate could extract protein bound amitriptyline.

Synthesis and Functionalisation of Superparamagnetic Nano-Rods towards the Treatment of Glioblastoma Brain Tumours.

The complete removal of glioblastoma brain tumours is impossible to achieve by surgery alone due to the complex finger-like tentacle structure of the tumour cells and their migration away from the bulk of the tumour at the time of surgery; furthermore, despite aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments following surgery, tumour cells continue to grow, leading to the death of patients within 15 months after diagnosis. The naturally occurring carnosine dipeptide has previously demonstrated activity against in vitro cultured glioblastoma cells; however, at natural physiological concentrations, its activity is too low to have a significant effect. Towards realising the full oncological potential of carnosine, the dipeptide was embedded within an externally triggered carrier, comprising a novel nano rod-shaped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (ca.

Vitamin B (Cobalamin) and Micronutrient Fortification in Food Crops Using Nanoparticle Technology.

It is necessary to develop a resilient food supply that will withstand unexpected future shocks and deliver the required amounts of nutrients to consumers. By increasing the sustainability of food and agriculture, the food system will be able to handle challenges such as climate change, declining agricultural resources, growing population/urbanization, pandemics, and recessions/shortages. Micronutrient deficiency, otherwise called hidden hunger, is one of the major malnutrition consequences worldwide, particularly in middle- or low- income countries.

Nanoceria Prevents Glucose-Induced Protein Glycation in Eye Lens Cells.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are generally known for their recyclable antioxidative properties making them an appealing biomaterial for protecting against physiological and pathological age-related changes that are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cataract is one such pathology that has been associated with oxidation and glycation of the lens proteins (crystallins) leading to aggregation and opacification. A novel coated nanoceria formulation has been previously shown to enter the human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and protect them from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Trending peripheral venous PCO in patients with respiratory failure using mathematically arterialised venous blood gas samples.

Background: Trending venous blood gases (VBGs) has been suggested as an alternative to arterial blood gases (ABGs) in patients with respiratory failure, but there are limits to its utility. The aim of this study was to compare the trending of venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO) (pCOv) with mathematically arterialised pCO (pCOca) and to further evaluate whether pCOca follows change in arterial pCO (pCOa) more accurately.

Methods: We analysed two data sets.

New thinking for filth fly control: residual, non-chemical wall spray from volcanic glass.

Filth flies are of medical and veterinary importance because of the transfer of disease organisms to animals and humans. The traditional control methods include the use of chemical insecticides. A novel mechanical insecticide made from volcanic glass and originally developed to control mosquitoes (Imergard™ WP; ImG) was investigated for control of adult grey flesh flies, Sarcophaga bullata (Parker), secondary screwworms, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.

Bacterial Microbiota of Field-Collected (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Transgenic Bt and Non-Bt Cotton.

The bollworm, (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest in U.S. cotton and is managed using transgenic hybrids that produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium, (Bt).

Liposomes to Augment Dialysis in Preclinical Models: A Structured Review.

In recent years, a number of groups have been investigating the use of "empty" liposomes with no drug loaded as scavengers both for exogenous intoxicants and endogenous toxic molecules. Preclinical trials have demonstrated that repurposing liposomes to sequester such compounds may prove clinically useful. The use of such "empty" liposomes in the dialysate during dialysis avoids recognition by complement surveillance, allowing high doses of liposomes to be used.

How Much PEEP Does High Flow Deliver via Tracheostomy? A Literature Review and Benchtop Experiment.

Background: High flow tracheostomy (HFT) is a commonly used weaning and humidification strategy for tracheostomised patients, but little is known as to how much PEEP or mechanical benefit it offers. Patient anatomy and device characteristics differentiate it from high flow nasal cannula and the physiological effects observed.

Objectives: (1) To review the available literature on the effects of HFT on airway pressure and indices of gas exchange.

Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro.

The anthelmintic effects of extracted coriander oil and five pure essential oil constituents (geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, methyl iso-eugenol, and linalool) were tested, using larval motility assay, on the third-stage larvae (L3s) of and . Coriander oil and linalool, a major component of tested coriander oil, showed a strong inhibitory efficacy against all species, except with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) that ranged from 0.56 to 1.

Bioavailability of Methionine-Coated Zinc Nanoparticles as a Dietary Supplement Leads to Improved Performance and Bone Strength in Broiler Chicken Production.

Recently, nanotechnology has been widely adopted in many fields. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for amino acid coated nano minerals as a supplement in broiler feed. Zinc was selected as a model mineral for this test and supplementation of nano zinc, both coated and uncoated was compared with organic and inorganic commercial forms of zinc.