Risk Factors for the Development of Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have an increased risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities, including eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to investigate the potential association between key disease characteristics, including psychological features, and the development of EDs in a clinical sample of adolescents with IBDs. We enrolled 52 adolescents with IBDs, 83% of whom were in clinical remission, and systematically collected additional information on disease duration, the total number of relapses, the use of steroids, and the number of hospital admissions.

Signature of anyonic statistics in the integer quantum Hall regime.

Anyons are exotic low-dimensional quasiparticles whose unconventional quantum statistics extend the binary particle division into fermions and bosons. The fractional quantum Hall regime provides a natural host, with the first convincing anyon signatures recently observed through interferometry and cross-correlations of colliding beams. However, the fractional regime is rife with experimental complications, such as an anomalous tunneling density of states, which impede the manipulation of anyons.

Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence study of PN junction p-graphene/n-GaAs.

Single layer graphene (SLG) was synthesized via high-quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on high-quality copper and subsequently transferred onto SiO2 and on n-GaAs substrates with varying doping electron concentrations (n = 1016, 1017, 5 × 1017, 1018, and 5 × 1018 cm-3). The n-GaAs substrates were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The optical properties of the SLG were investigated through photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy measurements.

Observation of the scaling dimension of fractional quantum Hall anyons.

Unconventional quasiparticles emerging in the fractional quantum Hall regime present the challenge of observing their exotic properties unambiguously. Although the fractional charge of quasiparticles has been demonstrated for nearly three decades, the first convincing evidence of their anyonic quantum statistics has only recently been obtained and, so far, the so-called scaling dimension that determines the propagation dynamics of the quasiparticles remains elusive. In particular, although the nonlinearity of the tunnelling quasiparticle current should reveal their scaling dimension, the measurements fail to match theory, arguably because this observable is not robust to non-universal complications.

A Critical Examination of the Clinical Diagnosis of Functional Tic-like Behaviors.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, movement disorder clinics have seen an increase in patients with an unusual type of tic-like symptoms: young adults with abrupt onset complex behaviors. It was quickly suspected that these patients suffered from functional neurological symptoms, later named Functional Tic-Like Behaviors (FTLB). Subsequent research on the differential diagnosis between FTLB and tics has been substantial and led to the development of diagnostic checklists.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome as a rare co-morbidity of Klinefelter syndrome.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy. In addition to male hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders, anxiety and affective symptoms have been reported in a substantial proportion of cases.

Case Description: We document the rare case of a 43-year-old man diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome and co-morbid Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Observing the universal screening of a Kondo impurity.

The Kondo effect, deriving from a local magnetic impurity mediating electron-electron interactions, constitutes a flourishing basis for understanding a large variety of intricate many-body problems. Its experimental implementation in tunable circuits has made possible important advances through well-controlled investigations. However, these have mostly concerned transport properties, whereas thermodynamic observations - notably the fundamental measurement of the spin of the Kondo impurity - remain elusive in test-bed circuits.

Co-morbid tics and stereotypies: a systematic literature review.

Background: Tics and stereotypies are childhood-onset repetitive behaviours that can pose significant diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. Both tics and stereotypies are characterised by a complex co-morbidity profile, however little is known about the co-occurrence of these hyperkinetic disorders in the same patient population.

Objective: This review aimed to assess the relationship between tics and stereotypies when these conditions present in co-morbidity.

Compulsive sexual behavior and paraphilic interests in adults with chronic tic disorders and Tourette syndrome: a survey-based study.

Early research suggested that compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and paraphilic interests (PI) are more prevalent in adults with primary tic disorders compared to the general population. However, recent data on this topic remain scarce. We conducted an anonymous online survey capturing data on CSB and PI in adult patients with primary tic disorders.

Neurodevelopmental versus functional tics: A controlled study.

Background: An unprecedented increase in newly developed functional tics, mainly in young females, has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We set out to complement existing case series with the largest controlled study to date on the clinical phenomenology of functional tics versus neurodevelopmental tics.

Methods: Data from 166 patients were collected at a specialist clinic for tic disorders during a three-year period overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023).

Functional tics: Expanding the phenotypes of functional movement disorders?

Background And Purpose: Until the outbreak reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, functional tics were considered to be a relatively rare clinical phenotype, as opposed to other functional movement disorders such as functional tremor and dystonia. To better characterize this phenotype, we compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who developed functional tics during the pandemic and those of patients with other functional movement disorders.

Methods: Data from 110 patients were collected at the same neuropsychiatry centre: 66 consecutive patients who developed functional tics without other functional motor symptoms or neurodevelopmental tics and 44 patients with a mix of functional dystonia, tremor, gait, and myoclonus.

New-onset functional tics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical characteristics of 105 cases from a single centre.

Background And Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated amongst other things with a sharp increase in adolescents and young adults presenting acutely with functional tics. Initial reports have suggested clinically relevant differences between functional tics and neurodevelopmental tics seen in primary tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome. We aimed to provide confirmatory findings from the largest single-centre cohort to date.

Distinguishing functional from primary tics: a study of expert video assessments.

Background: Reliably applied criteria to differentiate functional from primary tics are lacking. In the absence of biological markers, the development of new diagnostic criteria to assist clinicians is predicated on expert judgement and consensus. This study examines the level of diagnostic agreement of experts in tic disorders using video footage and clinical descriptions.

Observation of Edge Magnetoplasmon Squeezing in a Quantum Hall Conductor.

Squeezing of the quadratures of the electromagnetic field has been extensively studied in optics and microwaves. However, previous works focused on the generation of squeezed states in a low impedance (Z_{0}≈50  Ω) environment. We report here on the demonstration of the squeezing of bosonic edge magnetoplasmon modes in a quantum Hall conductor whose characteristic impedance is set by the quantum of resistance (R_{K}≈25  kΩ), offering the possibility of an enhanced coupling to low-dimensional quantum conductors.

The Western origins of mindfulness therapy in ancient Rome.

Stoic philosophy has multiple parallels with cognitive behavioural therapy interventions. In their ancient texts, the Roman Stoics present a set of theoretical principles and behavioural strategies that are directly relevant to the clinical care of patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Mindfulness is a key component of the 'third wave' of modern psychotherapy that closely resembles the ancient Stoic practice of attention or 'concentration on the present moment'.

Quasiparticle Andreev scattering in the ν = 1/3 fractional quantum Hall regime.

The scattering of exotic quasiparticles may follow different rules than electrons. In the fractional quantum Hall regime, a quantum point contact (QPC) provides a source of quasiparticles with field effect selectable charges and statistics, which can be scattered on an 'analyzer' QPC to investigate these rules. Remarkably, for incident quasiparticles dissimilar to those naturally transmitted across the analyzer, electrical conduction conserves neither the nature nor the number of the quasiparticles.

Quantum tailoring of electronic properties in covalently functionalized graphene: application to ammonia gas detection.

Functionalized graphene offers great potential in the field of rapid detection of gases at room temperature. We performed first-principles calculations to study the suitability of 4-sulfobenzenediazonium salts (4SBD) as bandgap modifier in graphene. The signature of unpaired spins is evidenced near the Fermi level owing to the symmetry breaking of graphene sublattices.

Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review for the primary care provider.

Context: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) symptoms are prevalent and often confused with other diagnoses. A PubMed search was undertaken to present a comprehensive article addressing the presentation and treatment for TOS.

Objectives: This article summarizes what is currently published about TOS, its etiologies, common objective findings, and nonsurgical treatment options.

Current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategies for Tourette syndrome.

Introduction: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic tic disorder characterized by both motor and vocal tics. The vast majority of patients present with co-morbid behavioral problems, especially tic-related obsessive-compulsive behaviors and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Evidence-based guidelines on the pharmacotherapy of TS have become available in recent years.