GenBank 2025 update.

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.

MAIA and Humphrey Perimetry Differ in Their Estimation of Homonymous Visual Field Defects.

Purpose: To assess whether the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) and the Macular Integrity Assessment instrument (MAIA) provide equivalent estimates of visual deficit size, severity, and progression in cortically blinded participants.

Methods: Reliable, monocular 10-2 HFA and MAIA fields were collected at baseline, and after a blind-field training intervention (n = 54) or no intervention (n = 6) in adult participants with occipital strokes. Binocular HFA and MAIA mean sensitivities (MS) were first computed, before creating binocular maps of visual sensitivity for each perimetry system to calculate deficit areas, using a unitary, published, less than 10 dB criterion to define blindness.

Persistence of training-induced visual improvements after occipital stroke.

Damage to the primary visual cortex causes homonymous visual impairments that appear to benefit from visual discrimination training. However, whether improvements persist without continued training remains to be determined and was the focus of the present study. After a baseline assessment visit, 20 participants trained twice daily in their blind-field for a minimum of six months (median=155 sessions), using a motion discrimination and integration task.

Rehabilitating homonymous visual field deficits: white matter markers of recovery-stage 1 registered report.

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) or its afferent white matter tracts results in loss of vision in the contralateral visual field that can present as homonymous visual field deficits. Recent evidence suggests that visual training in the blind field can partially reverse blindness at trained locations. However, the efficacy of visual training to improve vision is highly variable across subjects, and the reasons for this are poorly understood.

Vision-related quality of life after unilateral occipital stroke.

Background/objectives: Stroke damage to the primary visual cortex induces large, homonymous visual field defects that impair daily living. Here, we asked if vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) is impacted by time since stroke.

Subjects/methods: We conducted a retrospective meta-analysis of 95 occipital stroke patients (female/male = 26/69, 27-78 years old, 0.

Training in Cortically Blinded Fields Appears to Confer Patient-Specific Benefit Against Retinal Thinning.

Purpose: Damage to the adult primary visual cortex (V1) causes vision loss in the contralateral hemifield, initiating a process of transsynaptic retrograde degeneration (TRD). Here, we examined retinal correlates of TRD using a new metric to account for global changes in inner retinal thickness and asked if perceptual training in the intact or blind field impacts its progression.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography data in 48 participants with unilateral V1 stroke and homonymous visual defects who completed clinical trial NCT03350919.

Limited restoration of contrast sensitivity with training after V1 damage in humans.

Stroke damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes severe visual deficits, which benefit from perceptual retraining. However, whereas training with high-contrast stimuli can locally restore orientation and motion direction discrimination abilities at trained locations, it only partially restores luminance contrast sensitivity (CS). Recent work revealed that high-contrast discrimination abilities may be preserved in the blind field of some patients early after stroke.

Training in cortically-blind fields confers patient-specific benefit against retinal thinning after occipital stroke.

Purpose: Damage to the adult primary visual cortex (V1) causes vision loss in the contralateral hemifield, initiating a process of trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration (TRD). Here, we examined retinal correlates of TRD using a new metric to account for global changes in inner retinal thickness, and asked if perceptual training in the intact or blind field impacts its progression.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data in 48 participants with unilateral V1 stroke and homonymous visual defects, who completed clinical trial NCT03350919.

models of soft tissue damage by implant-associated frictional shear stresses.

Silicone elastomer medical implants are ubiquitous in medicine, particularly for breast augmentation. However, when these devices are placed within the body, disruption of the natural biological interfaces occurs, which significantly changes the native energy-dissipation mechanisms of living systems. These new interfaces can introduce non-physiological contact pressures and tribological conditions that provoke inflammation and soft tissue damage.

GenBank 2024 Update.

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.

Contrast sensitivity: a fundamental limit to vision restoration after V1 damage.

Stroke damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes severe visual deficits, which benefit from perceptual retraining. However, whereas training with high-contrast stimuli can locally restore orientation and direction discrimination abilities at trained locations, it only partially restores luminance contrast sensitivity (CS). Recent work revealed that high-contrast discrimination abilities may be preserved in the blind field of some patients early after stroke.

GABA and Glutamate in hMT+ Link to Individual Differences in Residual Visual Function After Occipital Stroke.

Background: Damage to the primary visual cortex following an occipital stroke causes loss of conscious vision in the contralateral hemifield. Yet, some patients retain the ability to detect moving visual stimuli within their blind field. The present study asked whether such individual differences in blind field perception following loss of primary visual cortex could be explained by the concentration of neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate or activity of the visual motion processing, human middle temporal complex (hMT+).

Altered contractility, Ca transients, and cell morphology seen in a patient-specific iPSC-CM model of Ebstein's anomaly with left ventricular noncompaction.

Patients with two congenital heart diseases (CHDs), Ebstein's anomaly (EA) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), suffer higher morbidity than either CHD alone. The genetic etiology and pathogenesis of combined EA/LVNC remain largely unknown. We investigated a familial EA/LVNC case associated with a variant (p.

GenBank 2023 update.

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.

Corrigendum: Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ACY-241 (Citarinostat) Plus Nivolumab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.

Perceptual restoration fails to recover unconscious processing for smooth eye movements after occipital stroke.

The visual pathways that guide actions do not necessarily mediate conscious perception. Patients with primary visual cortex (V1) damage lose conscious perception but often retain unconscious abilities (e.g.

Influence of Touch-Spun Nanofiber Diameter on Contact Guidance during Peripheral Nerve Repair.

Peripheral nerve regeneration across large gaps remains clinically challenging and scaffold design plays a key role in nerve tissue engineering. One strategy to encourage regeneration has utilized nanofibers or conduits to exploit contact guidance within the neural regenerative milieu. Herein, we report the effect of nanofiber topography on two key aspects of regeneration: Schwann cell migration and neurite extension.

Benefits of Endogenous Spatial Attention During Visual Double-Training in Cortically-Blinded Fields.

Recovery of visual discrimination thresholds inside cortically-blinded (CB) fields is most commonly attained at a single, trained location at a time, with iterative progress deeper into the blind field as performance improves over several months. As such, training is slow, inefficient, burdensome, and often frustrating for patients. Here, we investigated whether double-location training, coupled with a covert spatial-attention (SA) pre-cue, could improve the efficiency of training.

GenBank.

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.

Spared perilesional V1 activity underlies training-induced recovery of luminance detection sensitivity in cortically-blind patients.

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes homonymous visual-field loss long considered intractable. Multiple studies now show that perceptual training can restore visual functions in chronic cortically-induced blindness (CB). A popular hypothesis is that training can harness residual visual functions by recruiting intact extrageniculostriate pathways.

Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Nivolumab and Lirilumab in Patients with Recurrent, Resectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Purpose: Surgery often represents the best chance for disease control in locoregionally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We investigated dual immune-checkpoint inhibition [anti-PD-1, nivolumab (N), and anti-KIR, lirilumab (L)] before and after salvage surgery to improve disease-free survival (DFS).

Patients And Methods: In this phase II study, patients received N (240 mg) + L (240 mg) 7 to 21 days before surgery, followed by six cycles of adjuvant N + L.

Phase II study of pembrolizumab in refractory esophageal cancer with correlates of response and survival.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment, but the benefits in refractory patients with esophageal cancer have been modest. Predictors of response as well as new targets for novel therapeutic combinations are needed. In this phase 2 clinical trial, we tested single-agent pembrolizumab in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, who received at least one prior line of therapy.

Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ACY-241 (Citarinostat) Plus Nivolumab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib Study.

Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) overexpression has been documented in various cancers and may be associated with worse outcomes. Data from early-phase studies of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggest encouraging antitumor activity with the combination of an HDAC inhibitor and either platinum-based chemotherapy or an EGFR inhibitor; however, toxicity is a limiting factor in the use of pan-HDAC inhibitors. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 may represent a potential therapeutic target and preclinical studies revealed immunomodulatory effects with HDAC6 inhibition, suggesting the potential for combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.