Multitaper estimates of phase-amplitude coupling.

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is the association of the amplitude of a high-frequency oscillation with the phase of a low-frequency oscillation. In neuroscience, this relationship provides a mechanism by which neural activity might be coordinated between distant regions. The dangers and pitfalls of assessing PAC with commonly used statistical measures have been well-documented.

Distance dependence of intrahelix Ru(II)* to Os(II) polypyridyl excited-state energy transfer in oligoproline assemblies.

Energy transfer between the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of [Pra [M(II)(bpy)2(4-Me-4'(-N(H)CO)bpy)](PF6)2 units ([Pra(M(II)bpy2(mbpy)](2+): M(II) = Ru(II) or Os(II), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, mbpy = 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxamido, Pra = 4-M(II)-L-proline) linked covalently to oligoproline assemblies in room temperature acetonitrile occurs on the picosecond-nanosecond time scale and has been time-resolved by transient emission measurements. Three derivatized oligoprolines, [CH3-CO-Pro6-Pra[Os(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro2-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro2-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro6-Glu-NH2](6+) (ORR-2, Pro = L-proline and Glu = glutamic acid); [CH3-CO-Pro6-Pra[Os(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro3-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro3-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro6-Glu-NH2](6+) (ORR-3); and CH3-CO-Pro6-Pra[Os(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro5-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)-Pro5-Pra[Ru(II)(bpy)2(mbpy)](2+)Pro6-Glu2-NH2](6+) (ORR-5), were prepared by using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Given the helical nature of the resulting assemblies and the nature of the synthesis, composition, length, and loading pattern are precisely controlled in the assemblies.

Efficient, long-range energy migration in Ru(II) polypyridyl derivatized polystyrenes in rigid media. Antennae for artificial photosynthesis.

Results of CW and lifetime emission studies have been used to demonstrate facile intra-strand energy transfer in the derivatized polystyrene polymer [PS-4-CH(2)CH(2)NHC(O)-(Ru(II)(4,4'-(CONEt(2))(2)bpy)(2))(17)(Os(II)(bpy)(2)))(3)](PF(6))(40) in four rigid media: frozen 5:4 (v:v) propionitrile:butyronitrile solutions at 77 K, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) films, and silica xerogel monoliths at room temperature. Continued rapid energy transfer in rigid media is in contrast to electron transfer which is inhibited. This can be explained by energy transfer theory and is due to a decrease in the energy transfer barrier because of the frozen nature of the medium.

Excited state intervalence transfer in a rigid polymeric film.

The ligand-bridged complex cis,cis-[(bpy)2ClRu(pz)RuCl(bpy)2]2+ as the PF6- salt, (1)(PF6)2, is stabilized toward photochemical ligand loss in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Stabilization allows measurement of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) photophysical properties--emission and transient absorption. This includes appearance of an intervalence transfer absorption band in the near IR spectrum of the photochemically prepared, mixed valence form, [(bpy)2ClRuIII(pz(-*))RuIICl(bpy)2](PF6)2* (1*(PF6)2).

Evidence for through-space electron transfer in the distance dependence of normal and inverted electron transfer in oligoproline arrays.

Four new helical oligoproline assemblies containing 16, 17, 18, and 19 proline residues and ordered arrays of a Ru(II)-bipyridyl chromophore and a phenothiazine electron-transfer donor have been synthesized in a modular fashion by solid-phase peptide synthesis. These arrays are illustrated and abbreviated as CH(3)CO-Pro(6)-Pra(PTZ)-Pro(n)()-Pra(Ru(II)b(2)m)(2+)-Pro(6)-NH(2), where PTZ is 3-(10H-phenothiazine-10)propanoyl and (Ru(II)b'(2)m)(2+) is bis(4,4'-diethylamide-2,2'-bipyridine)(4-methyl,4'-carboxylate,2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dication with n = 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), and 5 (5). They contain PTZ as an electron-transfer donor and (Ru(II)b'(2)m)(2+) as a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) light absorber and are separated by proline-to-proline through-space distances ranging from 0 (n = 2) to 12.

Nanosecond redox equilibrium method for determining oxidation potentials in organic media.

A general, nanosecond equilibrium method is described for determining thermodynamically meaningful oxidation potentials in organic media for compounds that form highly reactive cation radicals upon one-electron oxidation. The method provides oxidation potentials with unusually high precision and accuracy. Redox ladders have been constructed of appropriate reference compounds in dichloromethane and in acetonitrile that can be used to set up electron-transfer equilibria with compounds with unknown oxidation potentials.