Butyrate reduces epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by the foodborne mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in cell monolayers derived from pig jejunum organoids.

The foodborne mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by species threats animal and human health through disruption of the intestinal barrier. Targeting the gut microbiota and its products appears as a promising strategy to mitigate DON intestinal toxicity. In this study, we investigated whether the bacterial metabolite butyrate could alleviate epithelial barrier disruption induced by DON.

A multi-omics dataset of the response to early plant polysaccharide ingestion in rabbits.

The transition from a milk-based diet to exclusive solid feeding deeply modifies microbiota-host crosstalk. Specifically, early ingestion of plant polysaccharides would be one of the main nutritional components to drive host-microbiota-interaction. To capture the effects of polysaccharides early-life nutrition (starch vs rapidly fermentable fiber) on the holobiont development, we investigated on the one hand the gut bacteriome and metabolome and on the other hand the transcriptome of two host gut tissues.

Coprophagia in early life tunes expression of immune genes after weaning in rabbit ileum.

Coprophagia by suckling rabbits, i.e. ingestion of feces from their mother, reduces mortality after weaning.

Effect of dietary supplementation with algae extracts on growth performance and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens.

1. The objective of this study was to test the dose response of dietary supplementation with algae extracts rich in marine-sulphated polysaccharides (MSP1 and MSP2) on the growing performance, body composition at slaughter and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens.2.

Milk replacer feeding once or twice a day did not change the ruminal metabolomic profile and the microbial diversity of dairy calves from birth to weaning.

In commercial dairy production systems, feeding calves once daily could be an alternative to reduce labor expenses. Several studies comparing once-a-day (OAD) versus twice-a-day (TAD) milk feeding systems have not evidenced differences in calf growth, rumen development, blood parameters or health scores, but effect on ruminal microbiota remains to be investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of OAD or TAD on the establishment of the ruminal microbiota and its metabolic activity.

The potential of microbiota information to better predict efficiency traits in growing pigs fed a conventional and a high-fiber diet.

Background: Improving pigs' ability to digest diets with an increased dietary fiber content is a lever to improve feed efficiency and limit feed costs in pig production. The aim of this study was to determine whether information on the gut microbiota and host genetics can contribute to predict digestive efficiency (DE, i.e.

The Early Life Microbiota Is Not a Major Factor Underlying the Susceptibility to Postweaning Diarrhea in Piglets.

Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets impair welfare, induce economic losses and lead to overuse of antibiotics. The early life gut microbiota was proposed to contribute to the susceptibility to PWD. The objective of our study was to evaluate in a large cohort of 116 piglets raised in 2 separate farms whether the gut microbiota composition and functions during the suckling period were associated with the later development of PWD.

Integrating data from spontaneous and induced -10 shift of ruminal biohydrogenation reveals discriminant bacterial community changes at the OTU level.

Introduction: Microbial digestion is of key importance for ruminants, and disturbances can affect efficiency and quality of products for human consumers. Ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids leads to a wide variety of specific fatty acids. Some dietary conditions can affect the pathways of this transformation, leading to -10 fatty acids rather than the more usual -11 fatty acids, this change resulting in milk fat depression in dairy cows.

The phenotype of the gut region is more stably retained than developmental stage in piglet intestinal organoids.

Intestinal organoids are innovative tools to study the digestive epithelium. The objective of this study was to generate jejunum and colon organoids from suckling and weaned piglets in order to determine the extent to which organoids retain a location-specific and a developmental stage-specific phenotype. Organoids were studied at three time points by gene expression profiling for comparison with the transcriptomic patterns observed in crypts .

Gut microbiota and host genetics contribute to the phenotypic variation of digestive and feed efficiency traits in growing pigs fed a conventional and a high fiber diet.

Background: Breeding pigs that can efficiently digest alternative diets with increased fiber content is a viable strategy to mitigate the feed cost in pig production. This study aimed at determining the contribution of the gut microbiota and host genetics to the phenotypic variability of digestive efficiency (DE) traits, such as digestibility coefficients of energy, organic matter and nitrogen, feed efficiency (FE) traits (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake) and growth traits (average daily gain and daily feed intake). Data were available for 791 pigs fed a conventional diet and 735 of their full-sibs fed a high-fiber diet.

Early Introduction of Plant Polysaccharides Drives the Establishment of Rabbit Gut Bacterial Ecosystems and the Acquisition of Microbial Functions.

In mammals, the introduction of solid food is pivotal for the establishment of the gut microbiota. However, the effects of the first food consumed on long-term microbiota trajectory and host response are still largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influences of (i) the timing of first solid food ingestion and (ii) the consumption of plant polysaccharides on bacterial community dynamics and host physiology using a rabbit model.

Genetic relationships between efficiency traits and gut microbiota traits in growing pigs being fed with a conventional or a high-fiber diet.

In pigs, the gut microbiota composition plays a major role in the process of digestion, but is influenced by many external factors, especially diet. To be used in breeding applications, genotype by diet interactions on microbiota composition have to be quantified, as well as their impact on genetic covariances with feed efficiency (FE) and digestive efficiency (DE) traits. This study aimed at determining the impact of an alternative diet on variance components of microbiota traits (genera and alpha diversity indices) and estimating genetic correlations between microbiota and efficiency traits for pigs fed a conventional (CO) or a high-fiber (HF) diet.

Microbiability and microbiome-wide association analyses of feed efficiency and performance traits in pigs.

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate how variation in the faecal microbial composition is associated with variation in average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake (RFI), using data from two experimental pig lines that were divergent for feed efficiency. Estimates of microbiability were obtained by a Bayesian approach using animal mixed models. Microbiome-wide association analyses (MWAS) were conducted by single-operational taxonomic units (OTU) regression and by back-solving solutions of best linear unbiased prediction using a microbiome covariance matrix.

Developmental Stage, Solid Food Introduction, and Suckling Cessation Differentially Influence the Comaturation of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Epithelium in Rabbits.

Background: In mammals, the establishment around weaning of a symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and its host determines long-term health.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the factors driving the comaturation of the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelium at the suckling-to-weaning transition. We hypothesized that the developmental stage, solid food ingestion, and suckling cessation contribute to this process.

Bacterial Consumption of T4 Phages.

The bacterial consumption of viruses not been reported on as of yet even though bacteria feed on almost anything. Viruses are widely distributed but have no acknowledged active biocontrol. Viral biomass undoubtedly reintegrates trophic cycles; however, the mechanisms of this phase still remain unknown.

Impact of feed restriction and fragmented feed distribution on performance, intake behaviour and digestion of the growing rabbit.

Postweaning feed restriction preserves rabbit digestive health after weaning, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are not yet understood. To elucidate whether the feeding intake pattern modification related to feed restriction might be involved, we studied the effects of both feed intake quantity and intake frequency. Animals were allotted at weaning (28 d old) in a 2 × 2 factorial design: feed intake quantity (AL = ad libitum vs R = 75% of AL) and fragmented feed distribution (FFD) (1 vs 13 distributions), thus forming four groups (AL1, AL13, R1 and R13).

The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding.

Background: Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The Landaise greylag goose (Anser anser) is a good model to study steatosis in migratory birds as it is domesticated, but is still, from a genetic point of view, close to its wild migratory ancestor.

Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Signature in Suckling and Weaned Piglets.

The gut microbiota plays a key role in intestinal development at the suckling-to-weaning transition. The objective of this study was to analyze the production of metabolites by the gut microbiota in suckling and weaned piglets. We studied piglets raised in two separate maternity farms and weaned at postnatal day 21 in the same farm.

Early Inoculation of Microbial Suspension in Suckling Piglets Affects the Transmission of Maternal Microbiota and the Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes.

Antibiotic resistance of microbes thriving in the animal gut is a growing concern for public health as it may serve as a hidden reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We compared 16 control piglets to 24 piglets fed for 3 weeks with S1 or S2 fecal suspensions from two sows that were not exposed to antibiotics for at least 6 months: the first suspension decreased the erythromycin resistance gene and the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene conferring resistance to kanamycine , while the second decreased the tetracycline resistance gene , with an unexpected increase in ARGs. Using 16S RNA sequencing, we identified microbial species that are likely to carry ARGs, such as the lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase , the cephalosporinase , and the tetracycline resistance genes and , as well as microbes that never co-exist with the tetracycline resistance gene , the erythromycin resistance gene and .

Evolution of gut microbial community through reproductive life in female rabbits and investigation of the link with offspring survival.

The digestive microbiota plays a decisive role in shaping and preserving health throughout life. Rabbit younglings are born with a sterile digestive tract but then it gets progressively colonised by the microbiota of the nursing mother, by entering in contact with or ingesting the maternal droppings present in the nest. Here we posit that (i) offspring survival and (ii) lifespan of female rabbits are linked to how diverse their microbiota are.

Effect of Litter Treatment on in Broilers and on Cecal Microbiota.

Since 2018, when a process hygiene criterion for in broilers at the slaughterhouse was implemented across Europe, efforts to reduce at farm level have increased. Despite numerous studies aiming to reduce colonization in broilers, no efficient control strategy has been identified so far. The present work assessed first the efficacy of a commercial litter treatment to reduce colonization in broilers during two in-vivo trials and second, its impact on cecal microbiota.

Gut microbiota derived metabolites contribute to intestinal barrier maturation at the suckling-to-weaning transition.

In suckling mammals, the onset of solid food ingestion is coincident with the maturation of the gut barrier. This ontogenic process is driven by the colonization of the intestine by the microbiota. However, the mechanisms underlying the microbial regulation of the intestinal development in early life are not fully understood.

Absolute quantitation of microbes using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding: A rapid normalization of relative abundances by quantitative PCR targeting a 16S rRNA gene spike-in standard.

Metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene is commonly used to characterize microbial communities, by estimating the relative abundance of microbes. Here, we present a method to retrieve the concentrations of the 16S rRNA gene per gram of any environmental sample using a synthetic standard in minuscule amounts (100 ppm to 1% of the 16S rRNA sequences) that is added to the sample before DNA extraction and quantified by two quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) reactions. This allows normalizing by the initial microbial density, taking into account the DNA recovery yield.

Dietary composition and yeast/microalgae combination supplementation modulate the microbial ecosystem in the caecum, colon and faeces of horses.

Starchy diets can induce hindgut dysbiosis in horses. The present study evaluated the impact of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalgae (Aurantiochytrium limacinum) supplementation on caecal, colonic and faecal microbial ecosystem and on blood inflammatory parameters of horses fed high-fibre or high-starch diets. Six fistulated geldings in a 2 × 2 Latin-square design were alternatively supplemented and received during each period 100 % hay (4 weeks) followed by a 56/44 hay/barley diet (3 weeks).

Variability of the Ability of Complex Microbial Communities to Exclude Microbes Carrying Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Rabbits.

Reducing antibiotic use is a necessary step toward less antibiotic resistance in livestock, but many antibiotic resistance genes can persist for years, even in an antibiotic-free environment. In this study, we investigated the potential of three fecal complex microbial communities from antibiotic-naive does to drive the microbiota of kits from antibiotic-exposed dams and outcompete bacteria-carrying antibiotic-resistant genes. The fecal complex microbial communities were either orally delivered or simply added as fresh fecal pellets in four to five nests that were kept clean from maternal feces.