Incidence, epidemiology, and outcomes of acute allograft rejection following liver transplantation in Australia.

Acute allograft rejection is a well-known complication of liver transplantation (LT). The incidence, epidemiology, and outcomes of acute rejection have not been well described in Australia. We retrospectively studied consecutive adults who underwent deceased donor LT at a single center between 2010 and 2020.

Drug-induced liver injury from selective androgen receptor modulators, anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding supplements in Australia.

Background: Reports of DILI due to herbal and dietary supplements have been increasing over time.

Aims: To characterise clinical, laboratory and histopathological phenotypes and outcomes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and bodybuilding supplements (BBS) in Australia.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Histological Assessment of the Bile Duct before Liver Transplantation: Does the Bile Duct Injury Score Predict Biliary Strictures?

Introduction: Histological injury to the biliary tree during organ preservation leads to biliary strictures after liver transplantation. The Bile Duct Injury (BDI) score was developed to assess histological injury and identify the grafts most likely to develop biliary strictures. The BDI score evaluates the bile duct mural stroma, peribiliary vascular plexus (PVP) and deep peribiliary glands (DPGs), which were correlated with post-transplant biliary strictures.

Novel miRNA-based drug CD5-2 reduces liver tumor growth in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice by normalizing tumor vasculature and altering immune infiltrate.

Introduction: Liver cancers exhibit abnormal (leaky) vasculature, hypoxia and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Normalization of tumor vasculature is an emerging approach to treat many cancers. Blockmir CD5-2 is a novel oligonucleotide-based inhibitor of the miR-27a interaction with VE-Cadherin, the endothelial-specific cadherin.

Implementing structured pathology reporting protocol for non-melanocytic skin cancers: practical considerations.

Non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs) account for five times the incidence of all other cancers combined and cost US $6 billion annually. These are the most frequent specimens encountered in community pathology practice in many Western countries. Lack of standardised structured pathology reporting protocols (SPRPs) can result in omission of critical information or miscommunication leading to suboptimal patient management.

Looking beyond workforce parity: addressing gender inequity in pathology.

While women pathologists have made up over one-third of pathologists in the Australian workforce for over 15 years and at least 50% since 2019, they are under-represented in senior leadership roles, scientific publications, grant recipients, editorial boards, key presentations, and professional awards. This is not unique to pathology and is seen in the broader medical and academic community. Barriers to gender equity and equality in pathology, medicine and academia include gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination, structural and organisational barriers as well as broader social and cultural barriers.

Inter-rater concordance of basal cell carcinoma subtypes: influences on reporting format and opportunities for further classification modifications.

Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) higher risk subtypes influences management strategies because of their propensity to recur locally. Subtyping is prone to inter-observer variability, and subtyping definitions are inconsistently applied. This study sought to compare the interobserver reproducibility of individual BCC subtypes using the 4th edition World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Skin Tumours (CoST) definitions, with classification into lower and higher risk histological subtype groups.

Gender distribution in surgical pathology journal publications and editorial boards.

Aims: To investigate trends in representation of women among authors and editorial boards of surgical pathology journals over the last two decades.Secondary aims: to identify barriers and potential solutions.

Methods: The names and gender of first, middle, last authors and editorial board members were obtained from original articles from seven pathology journals from various geopolitical regions in 2002, 2011 and 2021.

Banff 2016 Global Assessment and Quantitative Scoring for T Cell-Mediated Liver Transplant Rejection are Interchangeable.

Introduction: Histopathological assessment of liver biopsies is the current "gold standard" for diagnosing graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT), as graft dysfunction can have nonspecific clinical presentations and inconsistent patterns of liver biochemical dysfunction. Most commonly, post-LT, graft dysfunction within the first year, is due to acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) which is characterised histologically by the degree of portal inflammation (PI), bile duct damage (BDD), and venous endothelial inflammation (VEI). This study aimed to establish the relationship between global assessment, which is the global grading of rejection using a "gestalt" approach, and the rejection activity index (RAI) of each component of TCMR as described in revised Banff 2016 guidelines.

Does an Additional Bile Duct Flush With Low-viscosity Preservation Solution Reduce Bile Duct Injury? A Single-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.

Unlabelled: Biliary complications are a common cause of morbidity after liver transplantation and associated with bile duct injury. To reduce injury, a bile duct flush is performed with high-viscosity preservation solution. It has been suggested that an earlier additional bile duct flush with low-viscosity preservation solution may reduce bile duct injury and biliary complications.

Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention in Transplant Recipients.

Background: Immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of, and mortality from, skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B) enhances the repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage, reduces the cutaneous immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and reduces the incidence of keratinocyte cancers (including squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas) and actinic keratoses among high-risk immunocompetent patients. Whether oral nicotinamide is useful for skin-cancer chemoprevention in organ-transplant recipients is unclear.

Association between vessels that encapsulate tumour clusters vascular pattern and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation.

Background: Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) is a novel vascular pattern seen on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histology which has been shown to independently predict tumor recurrence and survival after liver resection. Its prognostic value in HCC patients receiving liver transplantation (LT) is unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive adults who underwent deceased-donor LT with active HCC found on explant between 2010-2019.

Considering care: A traumatic obturator fracture dislocation of the hip in a middle-aged man from Gaelic Medieval Ballyhanna, Co. Donegal, Ireland.

Objective: This article explores the potential care provided to a middle-aged man who had a suite of injuries evident in his skeleton, most notably an obturator fracture dislocation in his left hip.

Materials: The skeleton derived from the Late Medieval Gaelic population buried at Ballyhanna, Co. Donegal, Ireland.

Cytomegalovirus adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis in an immunocompetent patient.

The adrenal gland is a common site of metastasis due to its rich blood supply. Adrenalectomy is typical treatment in the management of oligometastatic disease. We present an unexpected finding of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis.

Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With EWSR1-ATF1 Fusion: A Case Report.

Malignant mesothelioma with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion is a rare malignancy described in young adults without asbestos exposure. To the best of our knowledge, outcomes to local and systemic therapies for this subtype of malignant mesothelioma have not been described. This case report describes the clinical course of a 19-year-old man diagnosed with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion localized to the abdomen.

Why Choose a Pathology Career?

Context.—: There is a global decline in medical graduates pursuing pathology careers, resulting in a broadening gap between workforce demand and supply.

Objective.