Renal Arteriovenous Fistula in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Renal arteriovenous fistula (rAVF) is a rare complication after a total nephrectomy, with only 72 cases reported in the last literature review published in 1997. AVF has never been described in a renal transplant recipient, and the possible consequences of hemodetournement on the graft function are unknown.

Methods: We hereby reported the first case of rAVF occurring in a renal transplant recipient and analyzed all cases of postnephrectomy rAVF reported between 1997 and 2017.