Publications by authors named "Catlin M"

Objective: Some exonerees receive compensation and aid after being exonerated of their wrongful convictions, and some do not. Looking beyond differences in state statutes, we examined possible reasons for biases in receiving compensation (via statutes or civil claims) and other reintegration services. More specifically, we examined how two unique types of false admission of guilt (i.

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  • The study examines how different interrogation methods (like accusatorial vs. information-gathering) influence the rates of true and false confessions from mock criminal suspects, aiming to find an optimal approach that encourages honest confessions while reducing false ones.
  • Researchers conducted a systematic review, updating previous work by assessing data from 27 articles and 81 effect sizes, primarily involving college students in the U.S., to analyze the impact of interrogation techniques.
  • They employed rigorous methods for data selection and analysis, including network meta-analysis, and found that authors generally followed good research practices, such as double-blind procedures and transparent reporting.
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Objective: Previous nonfatal overdose is a key risk factor for drug overdose death; however, current nonfatal overdose surveillance is limited to people who receive medical attention. We identified states that tracked nonfatal overdoses treated in prehospital and hospital care settings, assessed the effects of different surveillance methods on the magnitude of nonfatal overdose estimates, and estimated states' nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratio.

Methods: Two analysts independently reviewed state websites to characterize states' methods of capturing nonfatal overdose events from December 2022 through February 2023.

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This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective is to assess the effects of interrogation approach on confession outcomes for criminal (mock) suspects.

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Being a victim of a violent crime is a traumatic experience. Sexual victimization, in particular, may be powerful enough to change presumably stable worldviews like just world beliefs. Across two large samples, we examined the influence of sexual victimization on just world beliefs.

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When researchers and helping professionals interview children about a target event, how long should they tolerate silence before delivering another prompt? In other words, at what point are children so unlikely to begin talking again that continued silence would likely be unproductive? To test the reasonableness of a 10-s wait time guideline during open-ended prompting, we analyzed the wait times of research assistants (N = 7) who interviewed with a 10-s guideline, timed how quickly children responded to prompts, and also timed pauses within children's event narratives. In our sample (105 conversations with children aged 4-8 years), interviewers complied fully with the 10-s rule in the majority of interviews, children often paused for longer than 5 s before beginning to talk about the event or continuing a narrative, and more than 96% of children's pauses that were followed by event information fell within the 10-s window. These findings show that the 10-s wait time was a practical guideline that gave children time to respond without peppering interviews with uncomfortably long pauses.

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Individuals often tend to irrationally blame victims for their plight. This research incorporated a bounded rationality framework to examine first-person perspectives (rather than third-person) of both victims' and nonvictims' perceptions and judgments of acquaintance and stranger sexual violence. Upon completing individual difference measures, including a just-world belief assessment, participants ( = 296) were randomly assigned to read a scenario in which the vignette victim was either acquainted with or had no prior relationship with the perpetrator.

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In many jurisdictions, public safety and public health entities are working together to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of the analytical characterization and toxicology testing of novel synthetic opioids. The improved sharing and early detection of these analytical data are intended to inform surveillance, interdiction efforts, patient intervention and treatment, all of which are critical to curbing the opioid epidemic. Forensic practitioners working to identify novel synthetic opioids struggle to provide timely results when encountering new or unknown substances, such as the fentanyl analogs.

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  • A multiyear interagency survey in the U.S. assessed Listeria monocytogenes in over 27,000 refrigerated ready-to-eat food samples from four states, revealing 116 positive results for the pathogen.
  • The highest contamination rates were found in raw cut vegetables (1.07%) and fresh crab meat or sushi (4.76%), while soft-ripened cheeses had the lowest contamination (0.00%).
  • The study showed significant variability in L. monocytogenes levels across different states, but overall contamination rates in deli meats and cheeses were lower than previous surveys conducted a decade ago.
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Background: Many immune-mediated disorders, including psoriasis, involve cytokine signalling via Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes. ASP015K (also designated JNJ-54781532), a novel oral JAK inhibitor, has shown moderate selectivity for JAK3 over JAK1 and JAK2 in enzyme assays.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of escalating, sequentially grouped, doses of ASP015K vs.

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Purpose: The United States is experiencing an epidemic of opioid-related deaths driven by excessive prescribing of opioids, misuse of prescription drugs, and increased use of heroin. Buprenorphine-naloxone is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder and can be provided in office-based settings, but this treatment is unavailable to many patients who could benefit. We sought to describe the geographic distribution and specialties of physicians obtaining waivers from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to prescribe buprenorphine-naloxone to treat opioid use disorder and to identify potential shortages of physicians.

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Out-of-pocket health care spending in the United States totaled $306.2 billion in 2010 and represented 11.8 percent of total national health expenditures, according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' National Health Expenditure Accounts.

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Purpose: Despite the efficacy of buprenorphine-naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorders, few physicians in Washington State use this clinical tool. To address the acute need for this service, a Rural Opioid Addiction Management Project trained 120 Washington physicians in 2010-2011 to use buprenorphine. We conducted this study to determine what proportion of those trained physicians began prescribing this treatment and identify barriers to incorporating this approach into outpatient practice.

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The purpose of this study was to determine tobacco use and dependence patterns over the course of 12 months among an adolescent population entering substance abuse treatment. The sample consisted of intake and 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-intake tobacco use data from 1062 adolescents within 34 substance abuse treatment facilities across the United States. Data were pooled across sites and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics; repeated measures analyses; multiple regression models; three-level hierarchical linear models; and hierarchical generalized linear modeling.

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The Pacific Northwest of the US is a large, sparsely populated region. A telehealth programme called Project ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) was tested in this region in 2009. Weekly videoconferences were held in the areas of hepatitis C, chronic pain, integrated addictions and psychiatry, and HIV/AIDS.

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We determined the specialty, geographic location, practice type and treatment capacity of waivered clinicians in Washington State. We utilized the April 2011 Drug Enforcement Agency roster of all waivered buprenorphine prescribers and cross-referenced the data with information from the American Medical Association and online resources. Waivered physicians, as compared to Washington State physicians overall, are more likely to be primary care providers, be older, less likely to be younger than 35 years, and more likely to be female.

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Objective: We compared metronidazole 0.75% gel (containing 37.5 mg metronidazole per dose) with ovules containing metronidazole 500 mg and nystatin 100,000 U, for intravaginal treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV).

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Objective: To draw up evidence-based guidelines to make injections safer.

Methods: A development group summarized evidence-based best practices for preventing injection-associated infections in resource-limited settings. The development process included a breakdown of the WHO reference definition of a safe injection into a list of potentially critical steps, a review of the literature for each of these steps, the formulation of best practices, and the submission of the draft document to peer review.

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Background: Clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers is difficult, and diagnostic tests are least available in settings where rates of disease are highest. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed protocols for the syndromic management of genital ulcers in resource-poor settings. However, because risk factors, patterns and causes of disease, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from region to region and over time, they must be adapted to local situations.

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This unit describes methods for analyzing the effects of neurotoxicants on cell cycle regulation by dual parameter flow cytometry and on cell signaling by quantifying intracellular calcium concentrations within individual cells by scanning confocal laser microscopy or using the fluorescent calcium probe fluo-3.

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Background: The objective of this study was to characterize and quantitate the calcium responses to cholinergic stimulation in individual primary rat cortical astrocytes and human 132 1N1 astrocytoma cells. Materials and Methods The fluorescent calcium probe Indo-1 AM and an attached cell analysis and sorting (ACAS) instrument were used to quantitate calcium responses in these cells.

Results: A concentration-dependent response to carbachol was seen in both cell types.

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The effects of ethanol on muscarinic receptor-mediated calcium responses were investigated in individual primary rat astrocytes and human 132 1N1 astrocytoma cells using indo-1/AM and image cytometry. After a 30-min incubation, carbachol-induced calcium responses were inhibited only at 100 or 250 mM ethanol. The effects of ethanol were more pronounced and occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposures, with significant inhibition seen at 10 mM following a 24-hr incubation.

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Ethanol is a major health concern, with neurotoxicity occurring after both in utero exposure and adult alcohol abuse. Despite a large amount of research, the mechanism(s) underlying the neurotoxicity of ethanol remain unknown. One of the cellular aspects that has been investigated in relationship to the neuroteratogenicity and neurotoxicity of ethanol is the maintenance of calcium homeostasis.

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