Sleep and circadian rhythms in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder: Phenotypic differences between patients with and without comorbid depression.

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder involves chronic difficulty going to bed and waking up at conventional times and often co-occurs with depression. This study compared sleep and circadian rhythms between patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder with depression (DSWPD-D) and without (DSWPD-ND) comorbid depression. Clinical records of 162 patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (70 DSWPD-D, 92 DSWPD-ND) were analysed, including a subset of 76 patients with circadian phase determined by the dim light melatonin onset.

The Prevalence of Gingival Recession According to the Cairo Classification in a Population from the North of Portugal.

Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in a sample of the population in northern Portugal, according to the classification system proposed by Cairo.

Weight loss in patients with severe obesity after bariatric surgery-the potential role of the chrono-nutrition, chronotype and the circadian misalignment: A study protocol of the ChronoWise prospective cohort.

Background: Despite the potential effectiveness of bariatric surgery in promoting weight loss, a considerable proportion of patients still face the challenge of achieving optimal post-surgery outcomes. The timing of eating, in addition to the content of what is eaten, as well as chronotype and social jetlag (a marker of circadian misalignment), have been implicated in weight regulation. However, the current understanding of these chrono-related behaviours in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery is still scarce.

Assessing non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep: psychometric properties of the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep scale in Portuguese samples.

Objectives: To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample.

Method: A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e.

Associations between obesity, a composite risk score for probable long COVID, and sleep problems in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals.

Background: Preliminary data suggests that obesity might hasten the decline in mRNA vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2. However, whether this renders individuals with obesity more susceptible to long COVID symptoms post-vaccination remains uncertain. Given sleep's critical role in immunity, exploring the associations between obesity, probable long COVID symptoms, and sleep disturbances is essential.

Kairos study protocol: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of school timing and its effects on health, well-being and students' performance.

Recent evidence from chronobiology, chssronomedicine and chronopsychology shows that the organisation of social time (e.g., school schedules) generally does not respect biological time.

The association of insomnia with long COVID: An international collaborative study (ICOSS-II).

Objective: There is evidence of a strong association between insomnia and COVID-19, yet few studies have examined the relationship between insomnia and long COVID. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients with pre-pandemic insomnia have a greater risk of developing long COVID and whether long COVID is in turn associated with higher incident rates of insomnia symptoms after infection.

Methods: Data were collected cross-sectionally (May-Dec 2021) as part of an international collaborative study involving participants from 16 countries.

Habitual short sleepers with pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk of Long COVID.

Study Objectives: Preliminary evidence suggests that the risk of Long COVID is higher among people with pre-existing medical conditions. Based on its proven adjuvant role in immunity, habitual sleep duration may alter the risk of developing Long COVID. The objective of this study was to determine whether the odds of Long COVID are higher among those with pre-existing medical conditions, and whether the strength of this association varies by habitual sleep duration.

The impact of daylight-saving time (DST) on patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD).

Due to time zones, sun time and local time rarely match. The difference between local and sun time, which we designate by Solar Jet Lag (SoJL), depends on location within a time zone and can range from zero to several hours. Daylight saving time (DST) simply adds 1 h to SoJL, independently of the location.

Persistent short nighttime sleep duration is associated with a greater post-COVID risk in fully mRNA-vaccinated individuals.

Short nighttime sleep duration impairs the immune response to virus vaccination, and long nighttime sleep duration is associated with poor health status. Thus, we hypothesized that short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) nighttime sleepers have a higher post-COVID risk than normal nighttime sleepers, despite two doses of mRNA vaccine (which has previously been linked to lower odds of long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms). Post-COVID was defined as experiencing at least one core COVID-19 symptom for at least three months (e.

Shift workers are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 compared with day workers: Results from the international COVID sleep study (ICOSS) of 7141 workers.

The present study had two main aims. First, to investigate whether shift/night workers had a higher prevalence and severity of COVID-19 compared with day workers. Second, to investigate whether people regularly working in face-to-face settings during the pandemic exhibited a higher prevalence and severity of COVID-19 compared with those having no need to be in close contact with others at work.

Health-Related Behaviors and Perceived Addictions: Predictors of Depression During the COVID Lockdown.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide implementation of measures to contain the virus from spreading, and social isolation was one of those measures. Social isolation is associated with increased susceptibility to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Because this risk varies between populations and their respective habits, understanding which behaviors play a positive or harmful role is fundamental for people with depression under these conditions.

Outdoor daylight exposure and longer sleep promote wellbeing under COVID-19 mandated restrictions.

Light is an important regulator of daily human physiology in providing time-of-day information for the circadian clock to stay synchronised with the 24-hr day. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to social restrictions in many countries to prevent virus spreading, restrictions that dramatically altered daily routines and limited outdoor daylight exposure. We previously reported that sleep duration increased, social jetlag decreased, and mid-sleep times delayed during social restrictions (Global Chrono Corona Survey, N = 7,517).

Validation of the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm for estimating sleep-wake patterns from activity recordings.

Periods of sleep and wakefulness can be estimated from wrist-locomotor activity recordings via algorithms that identify periods of relative activity and inactivity. Here, we evaluated the performance of our Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm. The Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm uses a moving 24-h threshold and correlation procedure estimating relatively consolidated periods of sleep and wake.

Social jetlag, a novel predictor for high cardiovascular risk in blue-collar workers following permanent atypical work schedules.

Cardiovascular diseases cause >4 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Preventive approaches that do not only consider individual risk factors but their interaction, such as the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), are recommended by European guidelines. Increased cardiovascular risk is associated with shift-work, surely interacting with the concurrent conditions: disruption of sleep, unhealthy behaviours, and circadian misalignment.

Sleep and Awakening Quality during COVID-19 Confinement: Complexity and Relevance for Health and Behavior.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and awakening quality (SQ and AQ) during COVID-19 in a large and diversified population in order to identify significant associations and risks in terms of demography, health and health-related behaviors, sleep variables, mental health, and attitudes.

Methods/results: Online surveys were used for data collection, received from 5479 individuals from the general population, sleep disorder patients, and COVID-involved (medical doctors (MDs) and nurses) and COVID-affected professionals (teachers, psychologists, and dentists). SQ and AQ were worse in adults, females, and high-education subjects.

COVID-19-mandated social restrictions unveil the impact of social time pressure on sleep and body clock.

In humans, sleep regulation is tightly linked to social times that assign local time to events, such as school, work, or meals. The impact of these social times, collectively-social time pressure, on sleep has been studied epidemiologically via quantification of the discrepancy between sleep times on workdays and those on work-free days. This discrepancy is known as the social jetlag (SJL).

Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ).

Introduction: Differences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference based on subjective self-assessment - a psychological construct. The later developed Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) uses instead the actual sleep timing to assess chronotype.

Social timing influences sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders.

Objectives: We aimed to compare three variants of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI usual, work- and work-free days: PSQI, PSQI, PSQI) and to assess whether chronotype (MSF)/social jetlag (SJL) are associated with sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders (SD).

Methods: In sum, 431 SD patients and 338 subjects from the general population (GP) were included. Participants filled in three variants of the PSQI and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ).

The prevalence of excessive sleepiness is higher in shift workers than in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common feature among shift workers as well as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. There are several important accidents related to sleep disturbances causing EDS. The aim of this study was to evaluate EDS in a group of shift workers (regular rotating) from civil aviation and to compare them with OSA patients (n = 300) and with a group of regular workers (RW) (n = 140).