Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) genomic analysis reveals putative cryptic species, population structure, and adaptation to pest control.

The larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), known as "wireworms," are agricultural pests that pose a substantial economic threat worldwide. We produced one of the first wireworm genome assemblies (Limonius californicus), and investigated population structure and phylogenetic relationships of three species (L. californicus, L.

Reduction of falling number in soft white spring wheat caused by an increased proportion of spherical B-type starch granules.

A low falling number (FN) in wheat indicates high α-amylase activity associated with poor end-use quality. We hypothesize starch - the substrate of α-amylase, can directly influence hot flour pasting properties and its susceptibility to α-amylase, which further affects viscosity. We examined the structural characteristics of starch in three soft white spring wheat cultivars grown in Idaho in 2013 (normal FN year) and 2014 (low FN year with pre-harvest rains).

Global-scale environmental control of plant photosynthetic capacity.

Photosynthetic capacity, determined by light harvesting and carboxylation reactions, is a key plant trait that determines the rate of photosynthesis; however, in Earth System Models (ESMs) at a reference temperature, it is either a fixed value for a given plant functional type or derived from a linear function of leaf nitrogen content. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis that considered correlations of environmental factors with photosynthetic capacity as determined by maximum carboxylation (V(cm)) rate scaled to 25 degrees C (i.e.

Full Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Sugar Beet Wireworm Limonius californicus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a Common Agricultural Pest.

We report here the full mitochondrial genome sequence of Limonius californicus, a species of click beetle that is an agricultural pest in its larval form. The circular genome is 16.5 kb and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes.

Adenoma development in familial adenomatous polyposis and MUTYH-associated polyposis: somatic landscape and driver genes.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) are inherited disorders associated with multiple colorectal adenomas that lead to a very high risk of colorectal cancer. The somatic mutations that drive adenoma development in these conditions have not been investigated comprehensively. In this study we performed analysis of paired colorectal adenoma and normal tissue DNA from individuals with FAP or MAP, sequencing 14 adenoma whole exomes (eight MAP, six FAP), 55 adenoma targeted exomes (33 MAP, 22 FAP) and germline DNA from each patient, and a further 63 adenomas by capillary sequencing (41 FAP, 22 MAP).

Extrapolating active layer thickness measurements across Arctic polygonal terrain using LiDAR and data sets.

Landscape attributes that vary with microtopography, such as active layer thickness (), are labor intensive and difficult to document effectively through in situ methods at kilometer spatial extents, thus rendering remotely sensed methods desirable. Spatially explicit estimates of can provide critically needed data for parameterization, initialization, and evaluation of Arctic terrestrial models. In this work, we demonstrate a new approach using high-resolution remotely sensed data for estimating centimeter-scale in a 5 km area of ice-wedge polygon terrain in Barrow, Alaska.

Toward a mechanistic modeling of nitrogen limitation on vegetation dynamics.

Nitrogen is a dominant regulator of vegetation dynamics, net primary production, and terrestrial carbon cycles; however, most ecosystem models use a rather simplistic relationship between leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic capacity. Such an approach does not consider how patterns of nitrogen allocation may change with differences in light intensity, growing-season temperature and CO(2) concentration. To account for this known variability in nitrogen-photosynthesis relationships, we develop a mechanistic nitrogen allocation model based on a trade-off of nitrogen allocated between growth and storage, and an optimization of nitrogen allocated among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation, and respiration.

Lidocaine block of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a multidimensional assessment.

Objectives/hypothesis: Lidocaine block of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been reported as a procedure for surgical selection of patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). However, its effects on phonation have not been rigorously assessed in a prospective fashion using strict entry criteria and multiple measures of phonatory function. This investigation assessed the phonatory effects of RLN lidocaine block in ADSD to explore its potential as a diagnostic tool.

Advanced breast cancer patients' perceptions of decision making for palliative chemotherapy.

Purpose: To examine advanced breast cancer patients' perceptions of the key decision-making consultation for palliative chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: One hundred two women with advanced breast cancer, who were offered palliative chemotherapy, participated in a study-specific semistructured interview examining perceptions of the information they had received and their involvement in the decision-making process. One hundred seventeen interviews included 70 in relation to first-line chemotherapy and 47 in relation to second-line chemotherapy (15 patients were interviewed in relation to both first- and second-line chemotherapy).