Evidence for an altered sex ratio in clinic-referred adolescents with gender dysphoria.

Introduction: The number of adolescents referred to specialized gender identity clinics for gender dysphoria appears to be increasing and there also appears to be a corresponding shift in the sex ratio, from one favoring natal males to one favoring natal females.

Aim: We conducted two quantitative studies to ascertain whether there has been a recent inversion of the sex ratio of adolescents referred for gender dysphoria.

Methods: The sex ratio of adolescents from two specialized gender identity clinics was examined as a function of two cohort periods (2006-2013 vs.

Relevance of the catatonic syndrome to the mixed manic episode.

Background: Catatonic symptoms have been associated with mixed mania in the older psychiatric literature, however, to date no systematic studies have been performed to assess their frequency in these patients.

Method: Ninety-nine patients with bipolar disorder manic or mixed episode were assessed for the presence of catatonia.

Results: Thirty-nine patients fulfilled criteria for mixed mania of whom 24 were catatonic.