ASS1 Overexpression: A Hallmark of Sonic Hedgehog Hepatocellular Adenomas; Recommendations for Clinical Practice.

Until recently, 10% of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) remained unclassified (UHCA). Among the UHCAs, the sonic hedgehog HCA (shHCA) was defined by focal deletions that fuse the promoter of Inhibin beta E chain with GLI1. Prostaglandin D2 synthase was proposed as immunomarker.

Use of volumetric laser endomicroscopy for determining candidates for endoscopic therapy in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Accurate staging of superficial esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) for endoscopic therapy is challenging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be superior to high-resolution endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE), a second-generation OCT, has recently become commercially available.

Endoscopic multiple biopsy and rapid diagnosis by in situ fixation and histopathologic processing.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic forceps biopsy and fixation are laborious and prolong the procedure and anesthesia. Multiple biopsy overcomes these shortcomings with a single endoscope pass that cuts, like a needle biopsy, up to 25 biopsy samples of uniform size and depth during endoscope withdrawal. Biopsy specimens are collected in acquisition order and stored in a perforated plastic storage chamber within the perforated metal tip.

Type VI Choledochal Cyst-An Unusual Presentation of Jaundice.

Choledochal cysts involving the cystic duct are extremely rare, and are usually associated with cystic dilatations of the extrahepatic biliary tract. We describe a patient who presented with jaundice and was found to have a dilatation of the common bile duct on computed tomographic imaging, consistent with a choledochal cyst. He underwent a laparoscopic-converted-to-open cholecystectomy with excision of the choledochal cyst which was found to involve the cystic duct.

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (hepatic veno-occlusive disease).

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is an obliterative venulitis of the terminal hepatic venules, which in its more severe forms imparts a high risk of mortality. SOS, also known as veno-occlusive disease (VOD), occurs as a result of cytoreductive therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), following oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver and treated by partial hepatectomy, in patients taking pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing herbal remedies, and in other particular settings such as the autosomal recessive condition of veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI). A central pathogenic event is toxic destruction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC), with sloughing and downstream occlusion of terminal hepatic venules.

Schwannoma of the cervical esophagus.

Esophageal schwannoma is a rare tumor first described in 1967 by Chaterlin and Fissore. These tumors are most commonly found incidentally or from diagnostic work up of dysphagia or dyspnea. This entity cannot be diagnosed on clinical or radiographic basis alone.

Acute cellular rejection resulting in sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and ascites postliver transplantation.

Background: The cause of ascites formation postliver transplantation (LT) is multifactorial. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a rare cause of ascites post-LT and has been reported to occur as a sequela of acute cellular rejection (ACR). We sought to examine the histologic features of patients developing ascites in the setting of ACR.

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma: an innocent-looking malignant liver tumor mimicking ductular reaction.

The authors present an interesting case of a 60-year-old man who underwent right hepatectomy for a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on a background of noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis C. Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of HCC near the porta hepatis, which invaded the right portal vein branch. In addition, a well-demarcated 13.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: new insights in pathology.

Cholangiocarcinomas are malignant tumors that derive from cholangiocytes of small intrahepatic bile ducts or bile ductules (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; ICC), or of large hilar or extrahepatic bile ducts (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; ECC). ICC and ECC differ in morphology, pathogenesis, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis. This review focuses on ICC, which is rising in incidence with the emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a risk factor.

Modified Alcian blue enhances the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in invasive lobular carcinoma: a prospective study.

Context: The sensitivity of an intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma using conventional staining is low.

Objective: To develop a fast, modified, Alcian blue stain to decrease the intraoperative false-negative results in testing for metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma.

Design: Modified Alcian blue was optimized.

Subungual squamous cell carcinoma of the toe: working toward a standardized therapeutic approach.

Subungual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy with very few reported cases that occur on the toe. The etiology of these lesions is not known, and although this location is generally considered low risk for metastasis, cases of inguinal lymph node metastasis after toe amputation have been reported. Patients with subungual disease may meet criteria other than location that increase their risk for metastasis.

Effect of VEGF on tail artery interpositional loop (TAIL) flap: a rodent model for flap prefabrication.

The authors introduce an experimental model of flap prefabrication, the tail artery interpositional loop (TAIL) flap. In this model, an arterial segment from a rat tail is used to create an arteriovenous (A-V) fistula. This fistula is positioned beneath the abdominal skin flap to vascularize the overlying tissue, and a barrier of Silastic sheeting is placed below the fistula to prevent vascular ingrowth from the underlying bed.

Identification of a novel Wee1 isoform.

We have identified a novel isoform of Wee1 kinase (Wee1i), which uses Met215 of Wee1 as its initiation codon. RT-PCR, Western blot, and in situ hybridization verified wee1i expression in mammalian cells, rat brain, and rat thymus. Recombinant and partially purified Wee1i from rat thymus displayed kinase activity comparable to or higher than Wee1.

The jing and ras1 pathways are functionally related during CNS midline and tracheal development.

The Drosophila jing gene encodes a zinc finger protein required for the differentiation and survival of embryonic CNS midline and tracheal cells. We show that there is a functional relationship between jing and the Egfr pathway in the developing CNS midline and trachea. jing function is required for Egfr pathway gene expression and MAPK activity in both the CNS midline and trachea.