2.5D and 3D segmentation of brain metastases with deep learning on multinational MRI data.

Introduction: Management of patients with brain metastases is often based on manual lesion detection and segmentation by an expert reader. This is a time- and labor-intensive process, and to that end, this work proposes an end-to-end deep learning segmentation network for a varying number of available MRI available sequences.

Methods: We adapt and evaluate a 2.

SMART syndrome: two cases highlighting a complex and rare complication of brain irradiation.

Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare complication of radiotherapy with complex neurological impairment. Patients present with neurological symptoms and signs such as migraine, hemianopsia, hemiplegia, aphasia and/or seizures-without recurrence of neoplastic disease. In this report, we describe SMART syndrome in two adult patients 4 and 14 years following brain irradiation, respectively.

Handling missing MRI sequences in deep learning segmentation of brain metastases: a multicenter study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of a deep learning (DL) model for automatic detection and segmentation of brain metastases, in which a neural network is trained on four distinct MRI sequences using an input-level dropout layer, thus simulating the scenario of missing MRI sequences by training on the full set and all possible subsets of the input data. This retrospective, multicenter study, evaluated 165 patients with brain metastases. The proposed input-level dropout (ILD) model was trained on multisequence MRI from 100 patients and validated/tested on 10/55 patients, in which the test set was missing one of the four MRI sequences used for training.

Noise dependency in vascular parameters from combined gradient-echo and spin-echo DSC MRI.

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging is a widely used technique for assessment of cerebral blood volume (CBV). With combined gradient-echo and spin-echo DSC techniques, measures of the underlying vessel size and vessel architecture can be obtained from the vessel size index (VSI) and vortex area, respectively. However, how noise, and specifically the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), affect the estimations of these parameters has largely been overlooked.

Responses in the diffusivity and vascular function of the irradiated normal brain are seen up until 18 months following SRS of brain metastases.

Background: MRI may provide insights into longitudinal responses in the diffusivity and vascular function of the irradiated normal-appearing brain following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of brain metastases.

Methods: Forty patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer ( = 26) and malignant melanoma ( = 14) received SRS (15-25 Gy). Longitudinal MRI was performed pre-SRS and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months post-SRS.

Disseminated central nervous system hemangioblastoma in a patient with no clinical or genetic evidence of von Hippel-Lindau disease-a case report and literature review.

Background: Hemangioblastomas (HB) are benign tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that can appear sporadic or as part of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. It is often curable with surgical resection, but upon relapse, the disease exhibits a treatment-refractory course.

Case Report: A patient treated for sporadic cerebellar HB relapsed 12 years post-surgery.

Brain metastases with poor vascular function are susceptible to pseudoprogression after stereotactic radiation surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic status of cerebral metastases prior to and after stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS) and to identify the vascular characteristics that are associated with the development of pseudoprogression from radiation-induced damage with and without a radionecrotic component.

Methods And Materials: Twenty-four patients with 29 metastases from non-small cell lung cancer or malignant melanoma received SRS with dose of 15 Gy to 25 Gy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired prior to SRS, every 3 months during the first year after SRS, and every 6 months thereafter.

Fusion genes with ALK as recurrent partner in ependymoma-like gliomas: a new brain tumor entity?

Background: We have previously characterized 19 ependymal tumors using Giemsa banding and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization. The aim of this study was to analyze these tumors searching for fusion genes.

Methods: RNA sequencing was performed in 12 samples.

Volumetric glioma quantification: comparison of manual and semi-automatic tumor segmentation for the quantification of tumor growth.

Background: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely available and routinely used in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Ideally, volumetric measurements should be included in this evaluation. However, manual tumor segmentation is time-consuming and suffers from inter-observer variability.