Does prior concussion lead to biomechanical alterations associated with lateral ankle sprain and anterior cruciate ligament injury? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine whether individuals with a prior concussion exhibit biomechanical alterations in balance, gait and jump-landing tasks with and without cognitive demands that are associated with risk of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CiNAHL) were searched in April 2023.

Acute and Overuse, Time-Loss and Non-Time-Loss Lateral Ankle Sprains and Health Care Utilization in Collegiate Student-Athletes.

Context: Health care utilization and the occurrence of non-time-loss (NTL) lateral ankle sprains is not well documented in collegiate athletes but could provide better estimates of injury burden and inform clinician workload.

Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study.

Methods: Lateral ankle sprain injury occurrence for Division I collegiate student-athletes in a conference with 32 sports representing 732 team seasons was collected during the 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 academic years.

The Effects of Contralateral Trunk Tilt on Elbow Varus Torque in Baseball Pitchers: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Ulnar collateral ligament injuries are common in baseball pitchers, with excessive elbow varus torque linked to medial elbow injuries. Trunk tilt, or motion in the frontal plane, could be an identifiable and modifiable factor in medial elbow loading. Clinical Question: In high school through professional baseball pitchers, how does increased contralateral trunk tilt compared with no/limited contralateral trunk tilt influence elbow varus torque? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies were included: all were labeled as "controlled" or "descriptive laboratory studies," representing cross-sectional observational analytic design.

Hysteresis and stiffness of the lateral ankle complex in those with chronic ankle instability.

The role of mechanical laxity and viscoelastic tissue properties in chronic ankle instability (CAI) is unclear, but may influence repeated injury. The purpose was to determine if lateral ankle complex stiffness and hysteresis was altered in CAI individuals with and without mechanical laxity, compared to copers and uninjured controls. Thirty-five recreational athletes (19 females, 22.

Joint Coordination and Stiffness During Landing in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on lower-extremity joint coordination and stiffness during landing. A total of 21 female participants with CAI and 21 pair-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Lower-extremity joint kinematics were collected using a 7-camera motion capture system, and ground reaction forces were collected using 2 force plates during drop landings.

Lower limb kinematics of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty individuals during stair ascent.

Objective: Purpose of the study was to compare lower-limb kinematics and interlimb asymmetry during stair ascent in individuals post-medial or lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods: 60 patients (20 medial; 10 lateral) post-UKA and 30 matched healthy controls performed stair ascent. Spatio-temporal, lower-limb kinematics and interlimb asymmetries during stair ascent were compared.

The Effects of the Short Foot Exercise on Navicular Drop: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Deformation of the arch, as measured by navicular drop (ND), is linked to lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries. The short foot exercise (SFE) has been used to strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles that support the arch. Clinical Question: Does the SFE decrease ND in healthy adults? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies that examined the use of the SFE on ND were included.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an ankle instability questionnaire for use in Chinese-speaking population.

Background: The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) is a valid and reliable tool to identify chronic ankle instability; however, it was developed in English, thus limiting its usage only to those who can read and write in English. The objectives of our study were to (1) cross-culturally adapt a Chinese (Mandarin) version of the IdFAI and (2) determine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version IdFAI.

Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation procedures used by the investigators and translators followed previously published guidelines and included 6 stages: (1) initial translation, (2) synthesis of the translations, (3) back translation, (4) developing the pre-final version for field testing, (5) testing the pre-final version, and (6) finalizing the Chinese version of IdFAI (IdFAI-C).

Performance Differences Between the Modified Star Excursion Balance Test and the Y-Balance Test in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: The modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and Y-Balance Test (YBT) are common dynamic postural stability assessments for individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the reach distance measurement technique and movement strategy used during the mSEBT and YBT differ. To date, no studies have compared task performance differences on these tests in CAI patients.

Biomechanics of ankle giving way: A case report of accidental ankle giving way during the drop landing test.

Background: Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal rotation. However, without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity information in the literature, the detailed mechanism of ankle sprain is still unrevealed. The purpose of our case report is to present 2 accidental ankle giving way incidents for participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and compare to their normal trials with data of kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG).

Spine and Lower Extremity Kinematics Exhibited During Running by Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients With Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: Case-controlled design; biomechanics laboratory setting.

Objective: To compare the spine and lower extremity kinematics displayed during high-effort running between individuals with spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (SF-AIS) and healthy controls (CON).

Summary Of Background Data: Individuals with SF-AIS often return to exercise and sports that include running.

The relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy.

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition resulting in persistent pain, frequently reported during physical activity. The relationship between dynamic postural stability and pain in these individuals is unclear and how it may affect postural stability.

Research Question: Is there a relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy?

Methods: Twenty-two recreationally active individuals with patellar tendinopathy participated.

Postural control of individuals with spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the postural stability and complexity of postural control for moderately physically active individuals with spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at two years post-operation.

Methods: Limit of stability test and sensory organization test were conducted for 10 moderately physically-active participants with spinal fusion and 10 controls pair-matched for mass, height and physical activity level. During the limit of stability test, participants were instructed to lean the center of gravity as far as possible toward 8 predetermined directions and the maximum excursion and direction control were analyzed.

Does Chronic Ankle Instability Influence Knee Biomechanics of Females during Inverted Surface Landings?

The primary purpose of the study was to determine whether atypical knee biomechanics are exhibited during landing on an inverted surface. A seven-camera motion analysis system and two force plates were used to collect lower extremity biomechanics from two groups of female participants: 21 subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and 21 with pair-matched controls. Subjects performed ten landings onto inverted and flat platforms on the CAI/matched and non-test limbs, respectively.

Functional performance tests identify lateral ankle sprain risk: A prospective pilot study in adolescent soccer players.

Determining the clinical utility of functional performance tests (FPTs) and establishing cutoff scores could be useful in identifying those athletes who could benefit from effective injury prevention interventions. Our purpose was to determine the accuracy of FPTs in identifying adolescent athletes who go on to experience lateral ankle sprain(s) and establish specific cutoff scores capable of identifying those who sustain a lateral ankle sprain in the near future. Sixty-four participants (age = 15.

Functional performance deficits in adolescent athletes with a history of lateral ankle sprain(s).

Objective: To determine if adolescent athletes with a history of lateral ankle sprain(s) (LAS) displayed deficits on functional performance tests (FPTs) and if deficits on FPT were related to the number of previous LAS.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Biomechanics Laboratory.

Does variability within natural turfgrass sports fields influence ground-derived injuries?

Natural turfgrass sports fields exhibit within-field variations due to climatic conditions, field construction, field management, and foot traffic patterns from field usage. Variations within a field could influence the playing surface predictability and require athletes to make abrupt or frequent adjustments that lead to increased ground-derived injury occurrence. This study introduces a new methodology aimed at evaluating the potential relationship between within-field variations of turfgrass sports field properties and ground-derived athlete injuries.

Does chronic ankle instability influence lower extremity muscle activation of females during landing?

Much remains unclear about how chronic ankle instability (CAI) could affect knee muscle activations and interact with knee biomechanics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of CAI on the lower extremity muscle activation at the ankle and knee joints during landings on a tilted surface. A surface electromyography system and two force plates were used to collect lower extremity muscle activation of 21 young female individuals with CAI and 21 pair-matched controls during a double-leg landing with test limb landing on the tilted surface.

Spine kinematics exhibited during the stop-jump by physically active individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and spinal fusion.

Background Context: Individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis post spinal fusion often return to exercise and sport. However, the movements that individuals with spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (SF-AIS) use to compensate for the loss of spinal flexibility during high-effort tasks are not known.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the spinal kinematics of the trunk segments displayed during the stop-jump, a maximal effort task, between SF-AIS and healthy control groups.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the Korean version of the identification functional ankle instability (IdFAI).

Purpose: To cross-culturally adapt the Identification Functional Ankle Instability for use with Korean-speaking participants.

Methods: The English version of the IdFAI was cross-culturally adapted into Korean based on the guidelines. The psychometric properties in the Korean version of the IdFAI were measured for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, discriminative validity, and measurement error 181 native Korean-speakers.

The Influence of Heavier Football Helmet Faceguards on Head Impact Location and Severity.

Objective: To determine whether players with heavier faceguards have increased odds of sustaining top of the head impacts and head impacts of higher severity.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: On-field.

Patellar tendon straps decrease pre-landing quadriceps activation in males with patellar tendinopathy.

Objective: To determine if patellar tendon straps altered quadriceps' muscle activity during a drop-jump landing in males with and without patellar tendinopathy.

Design: Case-control.

Settings: Biomechanics Research Laboratory.

The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one.

Context: A battery of clinical measures of neurocognition, balance and symptoms has been recommended for the management of sport concussion (SC) but is based on variable evidence.

Objective: To examine the sensitivity and specificity of a battery of tests to assess SC in college athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional.