Publications by authors named "Cathia Soulie"

Background: We aimed to determine how non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance profiles have changed over the last decade in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) experiencing virological failure on all antiretroviral treatments, including different NNRTIs.

Materials And Methods: We analysed the use of the different NNRTIs in PLWHIV treated with antiretroviral drugs at an academic centre and the HIV NNRTI resistance profiles observed in cases of virological failure over the last 10 years (2014-23). We used the latest ANRS-MIE algorithm (v33; https://hivfrenchresistance.

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Introduction: We assessed the kinetics of the clearance of integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance mutations (INSTIs-RMs) and associated factors from people living with HIV (PWH) displaying suppressed viral replication after virological failure (VF) on an INSTI regimen.

Patients And Methods: We included PWH with HIV-RNA viral loads ≤20 copies/mL for at least 5 years in whom INSTIs-RM had been identified at least once in a prior RNA resistance genotyping test. HIV DNAs were sequenced by Sanger sequencing (SS) and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS; detection threshold: 5%) every year over the preceding 5 years.

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Background: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein reduce COVID-19-related risk of hospitalization, particularly in high-risk individuals. The COCOPREV-R study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes in high-risk SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with dual monoclonal antibody therapies and to identify associated virological factors.

Methods: The COCOPREV-R study retrospectively collected real-world data from high-risk patients receiving Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab or Casirivimab/Imdevimab dual monoclonal antibody therapies (22 February 2021 to 15 June 2021).

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Background: Second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) have a high barrier to resistance and potent antiretroviral activity. They are recommended as first- or second-line (FL and SL) options in two- and three-drug regimens (2DR and 3DR) in international treatment guidelines. However, there are limited real-world data on emerging resistance at the time of virological failure (VF) with these regimens.

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The goal of this study is to test a novel device and methodology based on the "Pebble" platform and real-time quantitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qcLAMP) during SARS-CoV-2 detection using crude samples and extracted RNA. The new method employs an inexpensive lightweight device aimed toward rapid point-of-care testing. An extensive evaluation was performed consisting of 1,693 clinical samples across five independent clinical testing centers.

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Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a major advance in cancer management. However, we still lack prospective real-world data regarding their usage in people with HIV infection (PWH).

Methods: The ANRS CO24 OncoVIHAC study (NCT03354936) is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study in France of PWH with cancer treated with ICI.

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Background: Doravirine is the latest NNRTI to be approved for the treatment of HIV-1 and has a different resistance profile from first-generation NNRTIs. Our aim was to investigate the virological efficacy of antiretroviral treatment including doravirine in people living with HIV-1 (PLWHIV), the factors associated with virological failure (VF) and those associated with the emergence of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations in the case of VF.

Methods: A retrospective national survey of PLWHIV who were either naive or experienced on antiretroviral treatment including doravirine was conducted.

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Objectives: Resistance associated mutations (RAMs) are archived in the HIV reservoir and can re-emerge with an inappropriate ART use limiting treatment options. However, recent studies, using ultra-deep sequencing (UDS), showed a decrease of quasispecies harbouring RAMs, suggesting that recycling some antiretrovirals could be considered. The aim of this study was to characterize, in HIV treated PLWHIV, the M184V mutation decrease kinetics in proviral DNA and associated factors of M184V mutation clearance over time.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the levels of HIV RNA and cytokines in adolescents who have been on antiretroviral treatment (ART) since early in life, focusing on potential indicators for clinical trials aimed at finding a cure for HIV.
  • It enrolled 40 perinatally infected adolescents on ART for over 5 years, measuring various HIV markers and correlating them with clinical characteristics.
  • Results show that lower levels of cell-associated RNA (CA-RNA) are linked to lower levels of cell-associated DNA (CA-DNA), and that undetectable CA-RNA is associated with factors like earlier initiation of ART and higher Western Blot scores.
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Background: High-risk patients, often immunocompromised and not responding to vaccine, continue to experience severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and death. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were shown to be effective to prevent severe COVID-19 for these patients. Nevertheless, concerns about the emergence of resistance mutations were raised.

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Article Synopsis
  • Immunocompromised individuals tend to experience longer SARS-CoV-2 infections, increasing the chances for new mutations, especially in the spike protein, which is important for vaccines.
  • A study in Paris analyzed samples from 444 immunocompromised patients and 234 healthcare workers, finding greater genetic diversity of the virus in the immunocompromised group.
  • The research indicated that mutations in the viruses from immunocompromised patients contributed to the evolution of new variants, suggesting potential concerns for immune response and severity of future infections.
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Antibodies effective against the recent Omicron sublineages are missing. By taking advantage of a multi-centric prospective cohort of immunocompromised individuals treated for mild-to-moderate COVID-19, Bruel et al. show that administration of 500 mg of sotrovimab induces serum neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of BQ.

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Background: Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is recommended prior to introducing anti-CD20 therapies, limited data are available regarding the evolution of post-vaccinal immunity.

Methods: This retrospective study compared anti-Spike antibody titres at 6 and 12 months from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination between patients vaccinated before switching to anti-CD20 ('Switch') and two control groups: (1) patients vaccinated under disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) other than fingolimod and anti-CD20 ('Other DMTs'); (2) patients vaccinated on anti-CD20 ('Anti-CD20'). Anti-Spike-specific T-cell responses were compared between 'Switch' and 'Anti-CD20' groups.

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Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the spike of SARS-CoV-2 prevent severe COVID-19. Omicron subvariants BQ.1.

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Article Synopsis
  • COVID-19 severity is linked to dysregulated immune responses, particularly due to natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction in critically ill patients.
  • A study with 50 non-vaccinated hospitalized patients highlighted that NK cells in COVID-19 patients were more activated but had impaired function, correlating with disease severity and patient outcomes.
  • Findings indicate that an uncoordinated inflammatory response, driven by a specific subset of activated NK cells, may contribute to fatalities in severe COVID-19 cases.
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  • The study aimed to assess the vaccine response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with anti-CD20, specifically looking at the effects of an enhanced BNT162b2 vaccine regimen on their immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Results showed that patients on anti-CD20 had significantly lower seropositivity and neutralization activity after vaccination compared to those on other MS treatments, especially against the Omicron variant.
  • A delayed booster vaccination did improve seropositivity in anti-CD20 patients, but their neutralizing response remained notably weak compared to patients receiving other therapies.
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In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate whether bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) administered 5 or 4 days a week is able to maintain viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLHIV). We enrolled 85 patients who initiated intermittent B/F/TAF between 28 November 2018 and 30 July 2020: median (IQR) age 52 years (46-59), duration of virological suppression 9 years (3-13), CD4 633/mm (461-781). Median follow-up was 101 weeks (82-111).

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  • Integrase inhibitors (INIs) are effective for treating HIV but there is limited knowledge about drug resistance in West African children with HIV/AIDS.
  • A study involving 107 HIV-1-infected children from Benin and Mali found no major mutations linked to INI resistance, even among those who had undergone antiretroviral therapy.
  • However, several accessory resistance mutations were identified, suggesting while INIs may be a safe treatment option, monitoring for resistance patterns is necessary.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients infected with Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 who were treated with either sotrovimab or nirmatrelvir to prevent severe COVID-19.
  • - Of the 255 patients analyzed, nirmatrelvir resulted in faster negative PCR conversion (4 days) compared to sotrovimab (11.5 days), and a lower hospitalization rate was observed in nirmatrelvir-treated patients.
  • - The findings suggest that nirmatrelvir may lead to quicker viral clearance than sotrovimab in high-risk patients, potentially reducing the spread of the virus.
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  • The study aimed to compare the viral loads (VL) of the Omicron lineages BA.1 and BA.2 with the Delta variant in COVID-19 patients using nasopharyngeal samples.
  • Analysis involved 215 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, monitoring their viral load over time based on PCR test results.
  • Results showed that while initial viral loads were similar, the BA.2 lineage had a higher viral load than BA.1, and both Omicron lineages exhibited longer replication times compared to Delta.
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Objectives: To assess whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescriptions differ between naive and virally suppressed HIV patients born in France (PBFs) and in Sub-Saharan Africa (PBSSAs).

Setting: Observational single-center study.

Methods: We included all PBFs and PBSSAs who entered into care at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France, from 01/01/2000 to 31/12/2018, with plasma HIV-RNA>200 copies/mL.

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Objectives: To assess humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 Delta-variant in people with HIV (PWH) after BNT162b2-vaccination.

Design: Multicenter cohort study of PWH with CD4 + cell count less than 500 cells/μl and viral load less than 50 copies/ml on stable antiretroviral therapy for at least 3 months.

Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding-domain IgG antibodies (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified and neutralization capacity was evaluated by ELISA/GenScript and virus-neutralization-test against the D614G-strain, beta and delta variants before vaccination (day 0) and 1 month after complete schedule (M1).

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