Apolipoprotein M: a novel adipokine decreasing with obesity and upregulated by calorie restriction.

Background: The adipose tissue (AT) is a secretory organ producing a wide variety of factors that participate in the genesis of metabolic disorders linked to excess fat mass. Weight loss improves obesity-related disorders.

Objectives: Transcriptomic studies on human AT, and a combination of analyses of transcriptome and proteome profiling of conditioned media from adipocytes and stromal cells isolated from human AT, have led to the identification of apolipoprotein M (apoM) as a putative adipokine.

Fatty acids from fat cell lipolysis do not activate an inflammatory response but are stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue macrophages.

Aims/hypothesis: Activation of macrophages by fatty acids (FAs) is a potential mechanism linking obesity to adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of FAs released during adipocyte lipolysis on AT macrophages (ATMs).

Methods: Human THP-1 macrophages were treated with media from human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) adipocytes stimulated with lipolytic drugs.

Adipose tissue lipolysis.

Purpose Of Review: Adipose tissue lipolysis is a critical pathway for the maintenance of energy homeostasis through the degradation of triglycerides and the release of fatty acids into the circulation. The understanding of the cellular factors regulating triglyceride hydrolysis and the metabolic function of lipases has considerably expanded in the last few years, revealing an unexpected complexity. This review aims at describing recent discoveries related to the lipolytic pathway and its regulatory mechanisms.

Changes in white muscle transcriptome induced by dietary energy levels in two lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for muscle fat content.

Energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of muscle fat content in most animals, including man. We combined genetic selection and dietary energy supply to study the metabolic pathways involved in genetic and nutritional control of fat deposition in the muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Two experimental lines of rainbow trout, selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle, were fed with diets containing either 10 or 23 % lipids from the first feeding, up to 6 months.

Changes induced by dietary energy intake and divergent selection for muscle fat content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), assessed by transcriptome and proteome analysis of the liver.

Background: Growing interest is turned to fat storage levels and allocation within body compartments, due to their impact on human health and quality properties of farm animals. Energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of fattening in most animals, including humans. Previous studies have evidenced that fat deposition depends upon balance between various metabolic pathways.