Noggin is associated with a poor prognosis of gastric cancer by promoting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via the upregulation of EGFR.

Noggin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), being indispensable for certain developmental events. The present study aimed to examine the role of Noggin in the development and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The expression of Noggin in GC was evaluated by RT‑qPCR, immunohistochemistry and by the analyses of publicly available databases.

Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review).

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment.

Key Factors in Breast Cancer Dissemination and Establishment at the Bone: Past, Present and Future Perspectives.

Bone metastases associated with breast cancer remain a clinical challenge due to their associated morbidity, limited therapeutic intervention and lack of prognostic markers. With a continually evolving understanding of bone biology and its dynamic microenvironment, many potential new targets have been proposed. In this chapter, we discuss the roles of well-established bone markers and how their targeting, in addition to tumour-targeted therapies, might help in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases.

The Effects of Anesthetics on Recurrence and Metastasis of Cancer, and Clinical Implications.

Surgical resection of the primary tumor may enhance the metastasis and recurrence of cancer. The reaction of patients to surgery includes changes of the immune system, the inflammatory system and the neuroendocrine system. In the perioperative period, anesthetics are used both for anesthesia and analgesia.

Reduced Expression of RanBPM Is Associated with Poorer Survival from Lung Cancer and Increased Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells .

Background/aim: Ran binding protein microtubule-organizing centre (RanBPM), also known as RanBP9, is a scaffold protein conserved through evolution. We investigated the role of RanBPM in human lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Transcripts of RanBPM were determined in 56 human lung cancers along with paired normal lung tissues using real-time PCR.

Bone morphogenetic proteins, breast cancer, and bone metastases: striking the right balance.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β super family, and are essential for the regulation of foetal development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis and a multitude of cellular functions. Naturally, this has led to the exploration of aberrance in this highly regulated system as a key factor in tumourigenesis. Originally identified for their role in osteogenesis and bone turnover, attention has been turned to the potential role of BMPs in tumour metastases to, and progression within, the bone niche.

Increased Expression of Follistatin in Breast Cancer Reduces Invasiveness and Clinically Correlates with Better Survival.

Background/aim: Activin and its antagonist follistatin (FST) have been implicated in several solid tumours. This study investigated the role of FST in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: FST expression was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of breast cancer samples.

The downstream of tyrosine kinase 7 is reduced in lung cancer and is associated with poor survival of patients with lung cancer.

The downstream of tyrosine kinase 7 (DOK7) is an adaptor protein mediating signalling transduction between receptors and intracellular downstream molecules. Reduced expression of DOK7 has been observed in breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role played by DOK7 in lung cancer.