Tear Osmolarity in the Diagnosis of Systemic Dehydration and Dry Eye Disease.

Systemic dehydration due to inadequate water intake or excessive water loss, is common in the elderly and results in a high morbidity and significant mortality. Diagnosis is often overlooked and there is a need for a simple, bedside diagnostic test in at-risk populations. Body hydration is highly regulated with plasma osmolality (pOsm) being tightly controlled over a wide range of physiological conditions.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Primary-open Angle Glaucoma: No Role for a Screening Program.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: In this study, we found a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) but this was not different (nor was OSA more severe) to matched people without glaucoma.

Rationale: It has been proposed that OSA might be a contributing factor in the development of POAG and by extension that there could be a role for screening people with POAG for OSA.

Objectives: To assess whether the prevalence of OSA among patients with POAG is different from that in people without glaucoma and to examine for associations between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and markers of functional and structural changes in POAG.

Estimating basal tear osmolarity in normal and dry eye subjects.

Purpose: Tear osmolarity (tOsm) is used as a measure of severity in dry eye disease (DED) and has been proposed as an index of body hydration. In DED the level of tear hyperosmolarity is compared with that of a control population. It is proposed here that a better index of body hydration and a more valid reference point in DED can be acquired by measuring the tOsm after a period of evaporative suppression.

Central Connections of the Lacrimal Functional Unit.

Purpose: To study the contribution of each eye to the reflex tear response, after unilateral and bilateral topical anesthesia.

Method: A closed-eye, modified Schirmer test was performed bilaterally in 8 normal subjects, in a controlled environment chamber set to 23°C, 45% relative humidity, and 0.08 m/s airflow.