Sub-3 nm Pt@Ru toward Outstanding Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Performance in Alkaline Media.

Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are promising alternative hydrogen conversion devices. However, the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media hinders further development of AEMFCs. As a synthesis method commonly used to prepare disordered PtRu alloys, the impregnation process is ingeniously designed herein to synthesize sub-3 nm Pt@Ru core-shell nanoparticles by sequentially reducing Pt and Ru at different annealing temperatures.

Association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring's outcomes at 9 to 15 years of age.

Objective: Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight, overweight and obesity might increase the risk for worse short- and long-term outcome in the offspring. There is a need for further study into the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the combined outcome of physical development, state of health and social behavior in children.

Question: Is maternal pre-pregnancy BMI associated with the child outcome in terms of physical development, state of health and social behavior (school and leisure time behavior) at the age of 9 to 15 years?

Methods: In the population-based birth cohort study Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNIP) children at the age 9-15 years and their families were re-examined by questionnaire-based follow-up.

Changes in Metabolic Parameters and Body Weight in Patients With Prediabetes Treated With Adjunctive Brexpiprazole for Major Depressive Disorder: Pooled Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Clinical Studies.

Certain atypical antipsychotics, while efficacious as adjunctive treatments in major depressive disorder (MDD), are associated with metabolic adverse effects and weight gain. This analysis determined the effect of adjunctive brexpiprazole on metabolic parameters and body weight in adults with MDD and prediabetes (ie, at risk of developing diabetes) based on pooled data from 3 short-term studies and 1 long-term study. The short-term studies were 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of adjunctive oral brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/d in outpatients with MDD ( criteria) and inadequate response to antidepressant treatment, conducted between June 2011 and May 2016.

Assessment of patient life engagement in major depressive disorder using items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR).

Background: Patient-reported outcomes can measure domains that are personally meaningful, such as life engagement, which reflects motivation, pleasure, and well-being. This study explored whether certain items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) can capture patient life engagement in major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: IDS-SR life engagement items were identified by a) a panel of expert psychiatrists (n = 4), b) patient interviews (n = 20), and c) a principal component analysis (PCA) to explore clustering of items.

Exploring life engagement from the perspective of patients with major depressive disorder: a study using patient interviews.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes can measure health aspects that are meaningful to patients, such as 'life engagement' in major depressive disorder (MDD). Expert psychiatrists recently identified ten items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) that can be used to measure patient life engagement. This study aimed to explore the concept of patient life engagement and provide support for the IDS-SR Life Engagement subscale from the patient perspective.

Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review.

Background: Life engagement in the context of mental health is a broad term that describes positive health aspects relating to cognition, vitality, motivation and reward, and the ability to feel pleasure-concepts that are meaningful to patients. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that can assess any aspect of life engagement in adults, in the field of general mental health.

Methods: This was a systematic literature review of articles in English from the MEDLINE database (date of search: September 9, 2020).

Effects of Brexpiprazole on Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: Post Hoc Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Studies.

To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of brexpiprazole on patient functioning in schizophrenia. Data were included from three 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (hospitalized patients); a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment study (terminated early by the study sponsor based on the positive result of an interim analysis); and two 52-week, open-label extension studies-all in patients with schizophrenia ( criteria) and conducted from July 2011-February 2016. Patients allocated to oral brexpiprazole received 2-4 mg/d (short-term studies) or 1-4 mg/d (long-term studies).

Effects of Brexpiprazole Across Symptom Domains in Patients With Schizophrenia: Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Studies.

The successful treatment of schizophrenia entails improvement across a spectrum of symptoms. The aim of this analysis was to characterize the short- and long-term effects of brexpiprazole on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 'Marder factors.' Data were included from three 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies; a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment study; and two 52-week open-label extension (OLEx) studies-all in schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria).

Effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on calmness and life engagement in major depressive disorder: post hoc analysis of patient-reported outcomes from clinical trial exit interviews.

Background: Though often overlooked, calming patients and increasing their life engagement are key factors in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that adjunctive brexpiprazole increases calmness and life engagement among patients with MDD, based on clinical trial exit interviews.

Methods: This was a pooled analysis of exit interview data from three exploratory, open-label studies of adjunctive brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/day.

Women who prefer "lesbian" to "queer": generational continuity and discontinuity.

The legitimacy of the term and identity "lesbian" has long been contested, but has come under renewed scrutiny, with some suggesting it is exclusionary and dated. Along with these suggestions is the implication of a generational divide. Supposedly, older women-unaware of contemporary queer discourses-are more likely use the term "lesbian," whereas younger women are more likely to choose queer affiliated identities.

Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole in patients with schizophrenia presenting with severe symptoms: analysis of short- and long-term studies.

Background: The treatment of patients with severe schizophrenia symptoms can be complicated and expensive.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of brexpiprazole in patients with schizophrenia presenting with severe symptoms.

Methods: Data were pooled from three six-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies and two 52-week, open-label extension studies.

Effect of Brexpiprazole on Agitation and Hostility in Patients With Schizophrenia: Post Hoc Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Studies.

Background: Managing agitation and hostility represents a significant treatment challenge in schizophrenia. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of brexpiprazole for reducing agitation and hostility in schizophrenia.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of data from two 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (ClinicalTrials.

Changes in Metabolic Parameters and Body Weight in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Treated With Adjunctive Brexpiprazole: Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Clinical Studies.

Objective: To analyze the effect of adjunctive brexpiprazole on metabolic parameters and body weight in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on pooled data from 4 short-term studies and 1 long-term extension study.

Methods: The short-term studies (June 2011 to November 2016) were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in outpatients with MDD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) and inadequate response to 1-3 prior antidepressant treatments (ADTs) plus 1 prospective ADT. Patients were randomized to adjunctive brexpiprazole (fixed or flexible doses in the range of 1-3 mg/d; n = 1,032) or placebo (n = 819) for 6 weeks.

Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole as adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: overview of four short-term studies.

: There is a need for effective, safe and well-tolerated pharmacotherapies for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have inadequate response to antidepressant treatments (ADTs). This analysis aimed to summarize the short-term efficacy and safety of adjunctive brexpiprazole in adults with MDD. : A pooled analysis of data from the 6-week, randomized, double-blind treatment phases of four studies of adjunctive brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/day versus placebo in outpatients with MDD and inadequate response to ADTs (n = 1,853).

Adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety symptoms: post hoc analyses of three placebo-controlled studies.

Objective: Episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD) characterized by high levels of anxiety symptoms are less likely to respond to some forms of antidepressant treatment (ADT). This report examines the effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on depressive symptoms among patients with MDD and anxiety symptoms.

Materials And Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of 1,171 patients from the 6-week, randomized, double-blind phases of three studies in adults with MDD and inadequate response to ADTs (NCT01360645, NCT01360632, NCT02196506).

Adjunctive Brexpiprazole and Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder: A Pooled Analysis of Six Randomized Studies Using the Sheehan Disability Scale.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder and inadequate response to antidepressant treatments may experience a prolonged loss of functioning. This post hoc analysis aimed to determine the effect of adjunctive brexpiprazole on functioning in such patients.

Methods: A pooled analysis of data from the 6-week, randomized, double-blind treatment phases of 6 studies of adjunctive brexpiprazole (2 and 3 mg/d in fixed-dose studies; 1-3 mg/d in flexible-dose studies) vs placebo in patients with major depressive disorder and inadequate response to antidepressant treatments (NCT01360645, NCT01360632, NCT02196506, NCT01727726, NCT00797966, NCT01052077).

Successful switching of patients with acute schizophrenia from another antipsychotic to brexpiprazole: comparison of clinicians' choice of cross-titration schedules in a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, maintenance treatment study.

Objective: To compare the tolerability and efficacy of different antipsychotic cross-titration schedules, using data from a brexpiprazole study (Equator; NCT01668797).

Methods: Patients with schizophrenia were cross-titrated from other antipsychotics to brexpiprazole monotherapy in a 1-4 week open-label conversion phase, then entered a single-blind brexpiprazole treatment phase. Patients were stratified into four "conversion groups," according to the amount of time spent in the conversion phase.

Changes in metabolic parameters and body weight in brexpiprazole-treated patients with acute schizophrenia: pooled analyses of phase 3 clinical studies.

Objective: To analyze the effect of brexpiprazole on metabolic parameters and body weight in adults with schizophrenia, including clinically relevant sub-groups of patients, based on data from two pivotal phase 3 studies (NCT01393613; NCT01396421) and a long-term extension study (NCT01397786).

Methods: The short-term studies were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose (2 and 4 mg/day), 6-week phase 3 studies. The long-term study was an open-label 52-week study, recruiting de novo patients and those completing either short-term study.

The effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight as monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: an analysis of short-term and long-term studies.

The aim of this analysis was to explore the effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight when used as monotherapy to treat schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment to antidepressant treatment (ADT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) in short-term (4/6 weeks) and long-term (≤52 weeks) studies. Body weight data were obtained from the clinical studies of each drug (brexpiprazole and aripiprazole), in schizophrenia and adjunctive treatment of MDD. Data were pooled and analyzed to assess the mean change in body weight and to determine the incidence of a clinically relevant change in body weight from baseline (≥7% increase or decrease, at any time) in each treatment group.

Healthcare professionals' perceptions on the emotional impact of having an inadequate response to antidepressant medications: survey and prospective patient audit.

Background: Despite the availability of effective antidepressants, about half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display an inadequate response to their initial treatment. A large patient survey recently reported that 29.8% of MDD patients experiencing an inadequate treatment response felt frustrated about their medication and 19.

Understanding the emotions of patients with inadequate response to antidepressant treatments: results of an international online survey in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Evidence suggests that nearly half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve an adequate response to antidepressant treatments (ADTs), which impacts patients' functioning, quality of life (QoL), and well-being. This patient survey aimed to better understand patient perspectives on the emotional impact of experiencing an inadequate response to ADTs.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in 6 countries with respondents diagnosed with MDD and experiencing an inadequate response to ADTs.

Functioning outcomes with adjunctive treatments for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled studies.

Objective: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with inadequate response to antidepressant treatment (ADT) may suffer a prolonged loss of functioning. This review aimed to determine if self-rated functional measures are informative in randomized placebo-controlled studies of adjunctive therapy in patients with MDD and inadequate response to ADT.

Methods: This was a systematic literature review of articles in any language from the MEDLINE database published between January 1990 and March 2017.

Efficacy of adjunctive brexpiprazole on the core symptoms of major depressive disorder: A post hoc analysis of two pooled clinical studies.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who do not adequately respond to antidepressant treatment (ADT) may benefit from adjunctive atypical antipsychotics; however, certain agents target specific symptoms of depression and not the full syndrome. The aim of this analysis was to examine the effects of brexpiprazole, adjunct to ADT, on the core symptoms of MDD, defined using Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) items.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of data from two 6-week, randomized, double-blind studies of adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with MDD and inadequate response to ADTs (n = 1056).