Etiology of overactive bladder: a diet and lifestyle model for diabetes and obesity in older women.

Objective: To evaluate a coherent, evidence-based hypothesis that specific modifiable lifestyle factors implicated in the development of diabetes and associated obesity are related to the onset of OAB.

Methods: A hypothetical causative model for OAB involving modifiable lifestyle factors implicated in the development of diabetes and obesity was constructed, based on a systematic literature review. Secondary analysis of data was undertaken in a prospective cohort of women aged 40 and over, living in Leicestershire, UK.

Association between the Geriatric Giants of urinary incontinence and falls in older people using data from the Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study.

Objective: To determine whether urinary incontinence per se and different types of urinary incontinence individually are associated with an increased risk of falls in those aged 70 years and over. To investigate whether the presence of urinary symptoms, poor quality of life and physical limitations in this population with urinary incontinence is associated with falls.

Design: Study using data from the cross-sectional postal questionnaire undertaken in the Leicestershire Medical Research Council Incontinence Study.

Long term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of services for urinary symptoms.

Background: Given the extent and priority of urinary symptoms there is little evidence available to inform service provision in relation to the long term effects of interventions. This study aims to determine the long term (6 year) clinical effectiveness and costs of a new continence nurse led service compared to standard care for urinary symptoms.

Methods: A long term follow-up study of a 2-arm, non-blinded randomised controlled trial that recruited from a community based population between 1998-2000 in Leicestershire and Rutland UK was undertaken.

The relationship between carers' report of autistic traits and clinical diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders in adults with intellectual disability.

It is often difficult to determine the triad of impairments and whether autistic features are the consequence of intellectual impairment or autism spectrum disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between carer-reported autistic traits and independent diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Data were collected on carers' subjective report of autistic traits and clinical diagnoses of ASD.

The pattern and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms after transurethral prostatectomy compared with those seen in the general population.

Objectives: Men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) often have some level of residual symptoms after this operation. Reliance on symptom scores to assess outcomes means there is relatively little information on the exact pattern of such symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, progression, and associated bother of lower urinary tract symptoms after TURP.

A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of pelvic floor therapies for urodynamic stress and mixed incontinence.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle therapies (PFMT) in women aged > or = 40 years with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) and mixed UI.

Patients And Methods: In a three-arm randomized controlled trial in Leicestershire and Rutland UK, 238 community-dwelling women aged > or = 40 years with USI in whom previous primary behavioural intervention had failed were randomized to receive either intensive PFMT (79), vaginal cone therapy (80) or to continue with primary behavioural intervention (79) for 3 months. The main outcome measure was the frequency of primary UI episodes, and secondary measures were pad-test urine loss, patient perception of problem, assessment of PF function, voiding frequency, and pad usage.

Lower urinary tract symptoms and related help-seeking behaviour in South Asian men living in the UK.

Objective: To describe the pattern and prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and related help-seeking behaviour in men of South Asian origin living in the UK, and to compare this to the white population.

Subjects And Methods: Data were obtained as part of the Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study. Community-dwelling men aged >40 years were sent a postal questionnaire addressing urinary symptoms, bother and help-seeking.

An investigation of the relationship between anxiety and depression and urge incontinence in women: development of a psychological model.

Objectives: The study investigated the association between anxiety and depression and urge incontinence and the direction of causal pathways between these variables.

Design: A prospective longitudinal postal survey.

Method: A random sample of women aged 40 years or more, registered with a general practitioner in Leicestershire or Rutland, was mailed a postal questionnaire.

Epilepsy in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, associations and service implications.

Statement Of The Problem: The prevalence of epilepsy in people with an intellectual disability (ID) is apparently higher than in the general population. The outlook for individuals with both epilepsy and ID depends on the presence of any associated conditions. However, there have been few epidemiological studies of the prevalence of epilepsy and associated problems within a representative adult ID population to inform the development of policy.

Urinary storage symptoms and comorbidities: a prospective population cohort study in middle-aged and older women.

Objective: to identify predictive morbidities for urinary storage syndromes including indicators for neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune, lower bowel and psychological systems. This is the first study to test prior hypotheses, based on a literature review.

Design: this was a prospective cohort study involving 12,570 female respondents aged 40 or more registered with general practitioners and living at home in Leicestershire.

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a new nurse-led continence service: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Continence services in the UK have developed at different rates within differing care models, resulting in scattered and inconsistent services. Consequently, questions remain about the most cost-effective method of delivering these services.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a new service led by a continence nurse practitioner compared with existing primary/secondary care provision for people with urinary incontinence and storage symptoms.

The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with the onset of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in men.

Objective: To investigate associations between diet and non-dietary lifestyle factors and the onset of overactive bladder (OAB) in men.

Subjects: Random sample of community-dwelling men aged 40 years plus.

Design And Methods: Baseline data on urinary symptoms and diet were collected from 5454 men using a postal questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire.

Nutrient composition of the diet and the development of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in women.

Aims: Evidence for an association between diet and the symptom syndrome overactive bladder (OAB) would be valuable in understanding its aetiology. The present study investigates prospectively the association between the nutrient composition of the diet and the onset of OAB.

Methods: A random sample of community dwelling women aged 40 years or over was studied.