Nurses' Beliefs Regarding Pain in Critically Ill Children: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to provide a current and comprehensive evaluation of nurses' beliefs regarding pain in critically ill children.

Design And Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used. Nurse beliefs were captured via questionnaire and interview and then compared.

PICU Nurses' Pain Assessments and Intervention Choices for Virtual Human and Written Vignettes.

The purpose of this concurrent mixed-methods study was to 1) examine the factors pediatric intensive care unit nurses consider when assessing and intervening for children who report severe pain and to 2) determine the effect of child behavior and diagnosis on the nurses' pain ratings and intervention choices for written and virtual human vignettes. Quantitative and qualitative results substantiated that despite recommendations to use self-report, many PICU nurses use behavior as the primary indicator to assess and treat pain, even when a child is old enough to articulate pain intensity and there is sufficient cause for pain to be present.

Development and validation of a virtual human vignette to compare nurses' assessment and intervention choices for pain in critically ill children.

Introduction: As virtual experiences are increasingly used in health care training and research, it is important that adequate processes are applied for developing valid scenarios. We describe the development and validation of virtual human (VH) vignettes, computer-generated scenarios with animated patients and clinical information, for a mixed-methods study regarding nurses' assessment and intervention choices for critically ill children's pain.

Methods: We followed the case development and review process for high-fidelity simulation case scenarios, including the use of validated written vignettes and content experts.

Implementation of evidence-based practice for a pediatric pain assessment instrument.

Purpose/objectives: The purpose of this project was to facilitate the successful implementation of an evidence-based practice (EBP) change to the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework.

Background/rationale: Accurate pain assessment is a high priority in the clinical setting. Despite the availability of valid pain assessment instruments, use in practice remains deficient.

A critique of the National League for Nursing/Jeffries simulation framework.

Aims: To present a critique of the National League for Nursing/Jeffries simulation framework.

Design: Fawcett's criteria for theory analysis and evaluation are used.

Background: Use of simulated learning experiences in nursing education is widespread; a sound framework to guide educators across the globe in implementing these experiences effectively is essential.

Pediatric nurses' beliefs and pain management practices: an intervention pilot.

We evaluated feasibility of the Internet-based Relieve Children's Pain (RCP) protocol to improve nurses' management of children's pain. RCP is an interactive, content-focused, and Kolb's experiential learning theory-based intervention. Using a one-group, pretest-posttest design, we evaluated feasibility of RCP and pretest-posttest difference in scores for nurses' beliefs, and simulated and actual pain management practices.

Pediatric nurses' cognitive representations of children's pain.

Unlabelled: The aim of this mixed methods exploratory study was to describe pediatric nurses' cognitive representations (CRs) of the assessment and management of children's pain and to determine the relationships between their CRs and their choices about pain assessment and morphine administration. We recruited a convenience sample of 87 nurses caring for hospitalized children at 4 institutions. We measured the CRs with the Conceptual Content Cognitive Map (3CM) technique and pain assessment and morphine administration with smiling and grimacing child vignettes.

Pediatric nurses' thinking in response to vignettes on administering analgesics.

Pediatric nurses are not administering available and recommended analgesics to hospitalized children after surgery. This descriptive study was conducted to examine 30 pediatric nurses' thinking-in response to case study vignettes-about pain assessment and morphine administration for children experiencing postoperative pain. Nurses considered numerous factors when assessing and managing children's pain, including pain level, vital signs, and facial expression.

Nurses' perceptions of children's pain: a pilot study of cognitive representations.

Despite advances in pain assessment and management, hospitalized children continue to report high levels of pain intensity. Untreated pain can have deleterious effects on multiple body functions, resulting in delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization, and worsening illness. Prior research demonstrates that nurses administered analgesia that was less than amounts recommended by standards and less than that available by physician order.

Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices: regarding children's pain.

Purpose: To describe nurses' knowledge and attitudes about relieving children's pain, perceived barriers to optimal pain management, and analgesics administered by nurses in relation to levels of children's pain.

Study Design And Methods: Data were collected from 67 nurses and 132 children in their care. Outcomes were measured with The Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, the Nurses' Perceived Barriers to Optimal Pain Management for Children Survey, calculations of the ordered analgesia administered by the nurse, and the Oucher scale for intensity of children's pain.

Relieving children's pain: nurses' abilities and analgesic administration practices.

A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurses' knowledge and attitudes about children' pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses' analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses' (N = 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N = 132) mean pain level was 1.