Daily Water Intake by Common Marmosets () and Recommendations Regarding Fluid Regulation.

The typical daily water intake of common marmosets () in a research setting has not been well characterized. Because these New World primates are in demand as animal models for neurobehavioral experiments, which can include the potential use of fluid regulation for training, veterinary and research staff need to understand how marmosets keep hydrated under normal circumstances. In the current study, we measured the water consumption of older (age, 5 to 12 y; = 11) and younger (age, 1 to 2 y; = 11) marmosets every 3 h during the 12-h light phase in 2 different months (January and July).

Cytotoxic strains encoding colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) colonize laboratory macaques.

Background: Many strains are considered to be a component of the normal flora found in the human and animal intestinal tracts. While most strains are commensal, some strains encode virulence factors that enable the bacteria to cause intestinal and extra-intestinal clinically-relevant infections. Colibactin, encoded by a genomic island ( island), and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), encoded by the gene, are genotoxic and can modulate cellular differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation.