Intractable acute ischaemic priapism occurring secondary to newly commenced olanzapine.

We present a case of intractable acute ischaemic priapism occurring secondary to newly commenced olanzapine. It demonstrates rapid intervention in a stepwise approach aiming to restore penile flaccidity in order to prevent chronic damage to the corpora cavernosa. After an unsuccessful conservative approach, our patient underwent two formal distal penile shunt procedures with no effective penile detumescence.

Prospective analysis of hydrogel spacer for patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Objective: To report on the dosimetric benefits and late toxicity outcomes after injection of hydrogel spacer (HS) between the prostate and rectum for patients treated with prostate radiotherapy (RT).

Patients And Methods: In all, 76 patients with a clinical stage of T1-T3a prostate cancer underwent general anaesthesia for fiducial marker insertion plus injection of the HS into the perirectal space before intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc RT (VMAT). HS safety, dosimetric benefits, and the immediate- to long-term effects of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were assessed.

Could inguinal hernia be treated medically?

Inguinal hernia is the most common congenital anomaly requiring surgical correction. The cause of the hernia is, most commonly, persistence of the processus vaginalis. Study of testicular descent in rodents has revealed a role for the genitofemoral nerve and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).

Ontogeny of the VATER kidney in a rat model.

By exposing rat fetuses to adriamycin prenatally, a rat model of VATER association has been created. Absence of the fetal bladder is prominent and the kidneys show features of chronic obstruction with hydronephrosis/hydroureter, loss of parenchyma, fewer glomeruli, and less differentiation. The aim of this study was to elucidate this rat model, to determine exactly when the changes in the kidneys develop, hopefully thereby to expand our understanding of congenital obstructive uropathy.

Renal abnormalities in rat fetuses exposed to doxorubicin.

Purpose: A rat model of the VATER (vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, renal defects and radial limb dysplasia) association was created by exposing fetuses to doxorubicin early in gestation. Most fetuses had an absent bladder with ureters that were grossly dilated. We determined the effect of this absent bladder on kidneys development, particularly whether dysplasia was evident.