Optimization of CSF biological investigations for CNS lymphoma diagnosis.

Diagnosis of lymphoma leptomeningeal dissemination is challenging and relies on a wide array of methods. So far, no consensus biological guidelines are available. This increases the chance of intra- and interpractice variations, despite the shared concern to perform the minimum amount of tests while preserving clinically relevant results.

Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10:IL-6 ratio as biomarkers for small B-cell lymphoproliferations with leptomeningeal dissemination.

We here report for the first time that low levels of interleukin (IL)-10 do not exclude lymphomatous meningitis (LM) in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPD). Unexpectedly, IL-10 levels and IL-10:IL-6 ratio in CLPD differed from the levels observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We report the usefulness of adding the IL-10:IL-6 ratio in order to potentially reveal more aggressive lymphomas: either a transformation or an association with another "hidden" lymphoma such as primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).

High prevalence of myeloid neoplasms in adults with non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that most commonly affects adults and is driven by a high frequency of mutations in , , and kinases promoting MAPK signaling. Because of the relative rarity of ECD, key clinical features of the disease may not be well defined. Across a multi-institutional cohort of 189 patients with ECD and ECD overlapping with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (so-called mixed histiocytosis [MH]), we identified an unexpected and heretofore undescribed frequent occurrence of myeloid neoplasms among patients with ECD and MH.

An unusual case of acute leukemia.

We report the case of a 31 year-old man diagnosed with an atypical acute leukemia difficult to characterize cytologically. The immunophenotyping identified a blastic population co-expressing myeloid, lymphoid B and lymphoid T markers suggesting the diagnosis of either a mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) or an early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Because of the poor prognosis linked to these leukemias, the patient benefited from chemotherapy targeting both myeloid and lymphoid components, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In Situ Hepatitis C NS3 Protein Detection Is Associated with High Grade Features in Hepatitis C-Associated B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is associated with the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), preferentially marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). While chronic antigenic stimulation is a main determinant of lymphomagenesis in marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), a putative role of HCV infection of B-cells is supported by in vitro studies. We performed a pathological study within the "ANRS HC-13 LymphoC" observational study focusing on in situ expression of the oncogenic HCV non structural 3 (NS3) protein.

14q deletions are associated with trisomy 12, NOTCH1 mutations and unmutated IGHV genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 [del(14q)] are rare but recurrently observed in mature B-cell neoplasms, particularly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To further characterize this aberration, we studied 81 cases with del(14q): 54 of CLL and 27 of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), the largest reported series to date. Using karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the most frequent additional abnormality was trisomy 12 (tri12), observed in 28/79 (35%) cases, followed by del13q14 (12/79, 15%), delTP53 (11/80, 14%) delATM (5/79, 6%), and del6q21 (3/76, 4%).

The extravascular compartment of the bone marrow: a niche for Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte maturation?

Background: Plasmodium falciparum immature gametocytes accumulate in the bone marrow, but their exact location in this tissue remains unclear.

Methods: The stage and deposition pattern of gametocytes was analysed on histological sections of a bone marrow sample collected in a patient with subacute P. falciparum malaria.

Specific chromosomal IG translocations have different prognoses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: Chromosomal translocations are usually analyzed as a single entity, and are associated with a poor outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Translocations involving immunoglobulin genes are recurrent, but uncommon (<5%), and their individual prognosis is not clear. The two most frequent partners are BCL2 (18q21) and BCL3 (19q13).

Different expression of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) load in whole blood may have a significant impact on the diagnosis of active infection.

Background: Viral load in whole blood is the main virological marker for assessing HHV-6 infection and is used as an indication to begin antiviral therapy. Results are usually expressed as the number of genomic equivalent copies (gec) per mL of blood, although HHV-6 DNA in blood is mainly localized in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Objectives: Since leukocyte counts vary in immunocompromised patients, especially in stem cell transplant recipients, the aim of this study was to compare HHV-6 load expressed as gec per mL with load expressed as gec per million cells (mc), using quantitative real-time PCR for HHV-6 and cell DNA.

IGHV gene mutational status and LPL/ADAM29 gene expression as clinical outcome predictors in CLL patients in remission following treatment with oral fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide.

Several prognostic factors can predict the rapid progression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), including IGHV mutational status, cytogenetic abnormalities and, more recently, LPL/ADAM29 expression. In contrast, few studies have been devoted to the influence of these factors on clinical outcome in responding patients after therapy. We here propose to analyse the impact of IGHV gene status, LPL and ADAM29 gene expression on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 41 stage B or C CLL patients in remission after oral fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide.