A transcriptionally and functionally distinct PD-1 CD8 T cell pool with predictive potential in non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 blockade.

Evidence from mouse chronic viral infection models suggests that CD8 T cell subsets characterized by distinct expression levels of the receptor PD-1 diverge in their state of exhaustion and potential for reinvigoration by PD-1 blockade. However, it remains unknown whether T cells in human cancer adopt a similar spectrum of exhausted states based on PD-1 expression levels. We compared transcriptional, metabolic and functional signatures of intratumoral CD8 T lymphocyte populations with high (PD-1), intermediate (PD-1) and no PD-1 expression (PD-1) from non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Local Tumor Treatment in Combination with Systemic Ipilimumab Immunotherapy Prolongs Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced Malignant Melanoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibition with ipilimumab has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved outcomes of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Local peripheral treatments (LPT), such as radiotherapy or electrochemotherapy, have been shown to modulate systemic immune responses, and preliminary data have raised the hypothesis that the combination of LPT with systemic immune checkpoint blockade might be beneficial. Clinical data from 127 consecutively treated melanoma patients at four cancer centers in Germany and Switzerland were analyzed.

Trends in imported malaria to Basel, Switzerland.

Background: Due to persistent international travel and immigration trends, imported malaria remains to be of clinical and public health importance in nonendemic countries. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in imported malaria over a period of more than three decades.

Methods: We assessed travel history, demographic characteristics, and clinical course with special regard to malaria diagnosis and intensive care unit (ICU) admission of patients diagnosed with malaria.