Selective SIRPα blockade reverses tumor T cell exclusion and overcomes cancer immunotherapy resistance.

T cell exclusion causes resistance to cancer immunotherapies via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Myeloid cells contribute to resistance by expressing signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα), an inhibitory membrane receptor that interacts with ubiquitous receptor CD47 to control macrophage phagocytosis in the tumor microenvironment. Although CD47/SIRPα-targeting drugs have been assessed in preclinical models, the therapeutic benefit of selectively blocking SIRPα, and not SIRPγ/CD47, in humans remains unknown.

Words hurt: Political rhetoric, emotions/affect, and psychological well-being among Mexican-origin youth.

We examined the effect of political rhetoric on the targets of that rhetoric. Drawing from scholarship on anti-Mexican and anti-immigrant rhetoric found readily in various media and scholarship on emotions, we tested four hypotheses. Hypotheses 1 and 2 predicted that positive and negative political rhetoric would increase and decrease positive and negative emotions, respectively.

Burn Rehabilitation Therapists Competency Tool-Version 2: An Expansion to Include Long-Term Rehabilitation and Outpatient Care.

The Burn Rehabilitation Therapist Competency Tool (BRTCT) was developed in 2011 to define core knowledge and skill sets that are central to the job performance of occupational and physical therapists working with burn patients during acute hospitalization and initial rehabilitation. It was the first national effort to provide standards that burn centers could use for the training and evaluation of a BRT performance. The American Burn Association Rehabilitation Committee recently expanded the tool to include long-term rehabilitation and outpatient care in order to more fully represent all of the stages of care in which patients with burn injury receive therapy.

Perturbations of the CD8(+) T-cell repertoire in CVID patients with complications.

A higher chronic expansion of effector cytotoxic CD8(+)DR(+) T-lymphocytes has been reported in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with complications such as splenomegaly, autoimmune disease and/or granulomatous disease. In order to document the features associated with this T cell activation involving the CD8(+) T-compartment, we examined the diversity of the alpha/beta TCR repertoire of the patient's CD8(+) T-lymphocytes using the qualitative analysis of the CDR3 lengths (Immunoscope). Ten CIVD patients were enrolled in this study, four without complications (Group 1), six with complications (Group 2).

Analysis of the peripheral T-cell repertoire in kidney transplant patients.

The long-term stability of renal grafts depends on the absence of chronic rejection. As T cells play a key role in rejection processes, analyzing the T-cell repertoire may be useful for understanding graft function outcomes. We have therefore investigated the power of a new statistical tool, used to analyze the peripheral blood TCR repertoire, for determining immunological differences in a group of 229 stable renal transplant patients undergoing immunosuppression.

Identification of a peripheral blood transcriptional biomarker panel associated with operational renal allograft tolerance.

Long-term allograft survival generally requires lifelong immunosuppression (IS). Rarely, recipients display spontaneous "operational tolerance" with stable graft function in the absence of IS. The lack of biological markers of this phenomenon precludes identification of potentially tolerant patients in which IS could be tapered and hinders the development of new tolerance-inducing strategies.

Serial evolution of TCR beta chain transcript mobilization in HIV type-1-infected patients following vaccine immune stimulation and HAART interruption.

In this article, we studied the T cell receptor (TCR)beta chain transcript mobilization in peripheral blood lymphocytes harvested from HIV-1-infected patients before and after vaccination with a mixture of six lipopeptides and at the moment and serially after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) interruption. This study was performed by using a combined qualitative and quantitative assessment of Vbeta mRNA alterations at the level of complementary determining region 3 length distribution (CDR3-LD) of the TCR. Whereas healthy individuals displayed both stable CDR3-LD profiles and Vbeta transcript accumulations over time, the four HIV-1-infected patients in a quiescent disease phase under HAART have a highly significantly biased CDR3-LD.

Serial blood T cell repertoire alterations in multiple sclerosis patients; correlation with clinical and MRI parameters.

A significant skewing of the peripheral T cell repertoire has been shown in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of the studies already performed in this field are cross-sectional and therefore, little is known of the T cell repertoire evolution over time in MS and the correlation of T cell repertoire variation with clinical and MRI parameters. This study was performed on serially harvested frozen PBMC from nine untreated MS patients (27 samples) and 14 healthy individuals.

Operationally tolerant and minimally immunosuppressed kidney recipients display strongly altered blood T-cell clonal regulation.

Most kidney transplant recipients who discontinue immunosuppression reject their graft. Nevertheless, a small number do not, suggesting that allogeneic tolerance state (referred to operational tolerance) is achievable in humans. So far, however, the rarity of such patients has limited their study.

Blood T-cell Vbeta transcriptome in melanoma patients.

Tumor-cells have been shown to elicit MHC-restricted and antigen-specific T-cell responses. In this article, we used a new approach to study T-cell responses in tumor-bearing patients based on a global representation of the Vbeta-transcriptome, making it possible to grade CDR3-length distribution (CDR3-LD) alterations. Six patients with advanced melanoma disease, from whom blood samples were taken before and serially after tyrosinase-A peptide vaccination, were studied.

Blood T-cell receptor beta chain transcriptome in multiple sclerosis. Characterization of the T cells with altered CDR3 length distribution.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS associated with T cells autoreactive for myelin components. In this study, we analysed the T-cell receptor (TCR) usage of the variable beta (Vbeta) chain transcriptome in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients at various stages of the disease using a global and quantitative comparison of the complementarity-determining region 3 length distribution (CDR3-LD) of transcripts of the 26 Vbeta genes. We investigated 35 patients: 12 with a high risk of multiple sclerosis, 10 with clinically definite multiple sclerosis, 13 with a relapsing-remitting worsening and active multiple sclerosis and 13 healthy individuals.