Interaction of 4-arylcoumarin analogues of combretastatins with microtubule network of HBL100 cells and binding to tubulin.

The synthesis of different 4-arylcoumarin analogues of combretastatin A-4 led to the identification of two new compounds (1 and 2) with potent cytotoxic activity on a CEM leukemia cell line and a third one completely inactive (compound 3). It was suggested that the cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 2 may be related to their interaction with microtubules and tubulin, since these compounds inhibit microtubule formation from purified tubulin in vitro [Bailly et al. (2003) J.

Acidic pH is required for the functional assembly of the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2.

Salmonella enterica employs two type III secretion systems (T3SS) for interactions with host cells during pathogenesis. The T3SS encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) is required for the intracellular replication of Salmonella and the survival inside phagocytes. During growth in vitro, acidic pH is a signal that promotes secretion of proteins by this T3SS.

SpiC is required for translocation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 effectors and secretion of translocon proteins SseB and SseC.

The Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) type III secretion system (TTSS) promotes Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence for mice and increased survival and replication within eukaryotic cells. After phagocytosis, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium assembles the SPI2 TTSS to translocate over a dozen effector proteins across the phagosome membrane. SpiC has been previously shown to be a translocated effector with a large contribution to virulence (K.

Proteomic approaches to Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 encoded proteins and the SsrAB regulon.

Type III protein secretion is a common virulence determinant in Gram-negative bacteria and the genetic information is often clustered in pathogenicity islands or on virulence plasmids. We have analyzed the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) that is indispensable for systemic disease of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in mice.