Associations of body fat and skeletal muscle with hypertension.

Hypertension is known to be associated with obesity, while its relationship to skeletal muscle, SM (SM; a marker of general health and body function), remains uncertain. We analyzed population-based data of 22 591 men (mean age: 51.6 ± 16.

Accuracy of on-line self-reported weights and heights by young adults.

Background: e-epidemiology, a convenient and low-cost research method, is becoming increasingly popular. This study seeks to validate on-line self-reported heights and weights against objectively measured data in young adults.

Methods: Young adults self-reported heights and weights in an on-line lifestyle survey.

Nutritional adequacy of meals from an independent catering facility versus chain restaurants for young adults.

Background: Eating out of home has been associated with the increasing prevalence of obesity. While some chain restaurants provide nutritional information for their products, smaller independent catering facilities may not provide such information. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional adequacy of meals provided to young adults at an independent catering facility and compare them with meals provided by chain restaurants.

Obesity and Maternal Weight Gain.

Pregnancy is a time when women may be receptive to health advice and interventions. This article considers the evidence for interventions to affect body weight in obese and overweight women delivered either or both pre- and post-natally. The increasing prevalence of obesity across the adult population has affected many sectors of society and increasing numbers of obese and overweight pregnant women are evident.

Elearning approaches to prevent weight gain in young adults: A randomized controlled study.

Objective: Preventing obesity among young adults should be a preferred public health approach given the limited efficacy of treatment interventions. This study examined whether weight gain can be prevented by online approaches using two different behavioral models, one overtly directed at obesity and the other covertly.

Methods: A three-group parallel randomized controlled intervention was conducted in 2012-2013; 20,975 young adults were allocated a priori to one control and two "treatment" groups.

Derivation and validation of simple anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue mass and total fat mass with MRI as the reference method.

The reference organ-level body composition measurement method is MRI. Practical estimations of total adipose tissue mass (TATM), total adipose tissue fat mass (TATFM) and total body fat are valuable for epidemiology, but validated prediction equations based on MRI are not currently available. We aimed to derive and validate new anthropometric equations to estimate MRI-measured TATM/TATFM/total body fat and compare them with existing prediction equations using older methods.

The Effectiveness of a Weight Maintenance Intervention for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Obesity: A Single Stranded Study.

Background: The evidence base for weight management programmes incorporating a weight loss and a weight maintenance phase for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) is limited. This study describes the weight maintenance phase of a multicomponent weight management programme for adults with intellectual disability and obesity (TAKE 5).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one participants who had completed the 16 week TAKE five weight loss intervention (Phase I) were invited to participate in a 12 month weight maintenance intervention (Phase II).

Preventing weight gain with calorie-labeling.

Objective: Calorie-labeling has been suggested as an anti-obesity measure but there is no evidence for its effect, to date. Early adulthood is a critical life-cycle period for unwanted weight gain and obesity development. This study examined whether providing calorie information would help young adults to avoid weight gain.

Calorie-labelling in catering outlets: acceptability and impacts on food sales.

Objective: Obesity is the biggest challenge facing preventive medicine. Calorie-labelling has been suggested as a way of changing the architecture of an 'obesogenic' environment without limiting consumer choice. This study examined the effect of calorie-labelling on sales of food items at catering outlets on a city-centre university campus.

Predicting muscle mass from anthropometry using magnetic resonance imaging as reference: a systematic review.

Identification and management of sarcopenia are limited by lack of reliable simple approaches to assess muscle mass. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate simple methods to quantify muscle mass/volume of adults. Using Cochrane Review methodology, Medline (1946-2012), Embase (1974-2012), Web of Science (1898-2012), PubMed, and the Cochrane Library (to 08/2012) were searched for publications that included prediction equations (from anthropometric measurements) to estimate muscle mass by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults.

Weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence.

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and obesity using recommendations from current clinical guidelines for the first line management of obesity in adults. Full papers on lifestyle modification interventions published between 1982 to 2011 were sought by searching the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases. Studies were evaluated based on (1) intervention components, (2) methodology, (3) attrition rate (4) reported weight loss and (5) duration of follow up.

What, not just salad and veg? Consumer testing of the eatwell week.

Objective: To test the appeal of the eatwell week, a nutritionally balanced 7 d menu which satisfies nutritional guidelines of the Food Standards Agency in Scotland; determine the clarity and understanding of the main messages; and gather views on the usability and acceptability of the eatwell week resource format.

Design: Focus group discussions with consumers and health professionals.

Setting: Four locations across the UK.

Designing the eatwell week: the application of eatwell plate advice to weekly food intake.

Objective: To develop a menu and resource to illustrate to consumers and health professionals what a healthy balanced diet looks like over the course of a week.

Design: Development and analysis of an illustrative 7 d 'eatwell week' menu to meet current UK recommendations for nutrients with a Dietary Reference Value, with a daily energy base of 8368 kJ (2000 kcal). Foods were selected using market research data on meals and snacks commonly consumed by UK adults.

Changes in body weight and food choice in those attempting smoking cessation: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Fear of weight gain is a barrier to smoking cessation and significant cause of relapse for many people. The provision of nutritional advice as part of a smoking cessation programme may assist some in smoking cessation and perhaps limit weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured programme of dietary advice on weight change and food choice, in adults attempting smoking cessation.

Reproducibility of 24-h post-exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology.

Direct observation(s) of energy intake (EI) via buffet meals served in the laboratory are often carried out within short-term exercise intervention studies. The reproducibility of values obtained has not been assessed either under resting control conditions or post-exercise, in overweight and obese females. A total of fourteen sedentary, pre-menopausal females (BMI 30.

An open study of the effectiveness of a multi-component weight-loss intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity.

Adults with intellectual disabilities experience high rates of obesity. Despite this higher risk, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The present study examined the effectiveness of the TAKE 5 multi-component weight-loss intervention.

Smoking combined with overweight or obesity markedly elevates cardiovascular risk factors.

Aims: Overweight, obesity and smoking are well-established risk independent factors for cardiovascular diseases. The combination of overweight or obesity with smoking may modify other cardiovascular disease risk factors. We examined the impacts of smoking, overweight and obesity on cardiovascular risk factors: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen.