Evaluation of Digitalisation in Healthcare and the Quantification of the "Unmeasurable".

Evaluating healthcare digitalisation, where technology implementation and adoption transforms existing socio-organisational processes, presents various challenges for outcome assessments. Populations are diverse, interventions are complex and evolving over time, meaningful comparisons are difficult as outcomes vary between settings, and outcomes take a long time to materialise and stabilise. Digitalisation may also have unanticipated impacts.

Remaking critical care: Place, body work and the materialities of care in the COVID intensive care unit.

In this article, we take forward sociological ways of knowing care-in-practice, in particular work in critical care. To do so, we analyse the experiences of staff working in critical care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. This moment of exception throws into sharp relief the ways in which work and place were reconfigured during conditions of pandemic surge, and shows how critical care depends at all times on the co-constitution of place, practices and relations.

Evaluating training needs in clinical psychology doctoral programs.

Objective: Advances in clinical psychology must be accompanied by advances in training. This study assessed training content, quality, and needs during clinical psychology doctoral programs among current or past doctoral students.

Methods: Current or past clinical psychology doctoral students (N = 343) completed an anonymous survey assessing training experiences and needs.

Self care and wellbeing in the face of COVID-19: Multidisciplinary perspectives and interprofessional experiences.

The human toll which has resulted from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is clearly recognised. No single event in recent times has had such profound effects on health services and their staff wellbeing around the world. Policy making has been led by the requirement for confinement and surveillance to limit spread of the disease, and in clinical settings the impact of the necessity for the use of personal protective measures has caused huge strains on practice clinically and professionally.

Domesticating models: On the contingency of Covid-19 modelling in UK media and policy.

Our article traces the representation of pandemic modelling in UK print media from the emergence of Covid-19 to the early stages of implementing the first UK-wide lockdown in late March 2020. Covid modelling, it is widely assumed, has shaped policy decisions and public responses to the pandemic in unprecedented ways. We analyse how the UK print media has configured modelling as a significant evidence tool in the representation of the pandemic.

Satisfaction with Long-Term Aesthetic and 10 Years Oncologic Outcome following Risk-Reducing Mastectomy and Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with or without Nipple Preservation.

Incidence of bilateral risk-reducing mastectomies (RRMs) is increasing. The aim of this study was to compare satisfaction, aesthetic and oncological outcomes in women undergoing RRM with implant-based reconstruction comparing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) (sacrificing the nipple +/− nipple reconstruction). Women who had undergone bilateral RRM between 1997 and 2016 were invited.

Turning the gaze: Digital patient feedback and the silent pathology of the NHS.

Online review and rating sites, where patients can leave feedback on their experience of the health-care encounter, are becoming an increasing feature of primary care in the NHS. Previous research has analysed how digital surveillance is re-shaping the clinical gaze, as health-care professionals are subject to increased public monitoring. Here, we draw on an empirical study of 41 GP practice staff to show how the gaze is turning, not simply from the patient to the health-care provider, but additionally to the body politic of the NHS.

'Team ethnography visual maps': Methods for identifying the ethnographic object in multiple sites of fieldwork.

Team ethnography is becoming more popular in research. However, there is currently limited understanding of how multiple ethnographers working together actually share their experiences of conducting team ethnography. There is also an associated lack of explanation regarding how evidence and conclusions are drawn from such collective endeavour.

Critical care work during COVID-19: a qualitative study of staff experiences in the UK.

Objective: To understand National Health Service (NHS) staff experiences of working in critical care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews and rapid analysis, interpreted using Baehr's sociological lens of 'communities of fate'.

Participants: Forty NHS staff working in critical care, including 21 nurses, 10 doctors and advanced critical care practitioners, 4 allied health professionals, 3 operating department practitioners and 2 ward clerks.

The INTEND 1 randomized controlled trial of duct endoscopy as an indicator of margin excision in breast conservation surgery.

Purpose: With early detection, breast conservation surgery with adequate surgical margins is the standard of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pre-operative duct endoscopy (DE) to target surgical resection, improve adequate margins and reduce re-excision operations.

Methods: Women with DCIS, stage I and II breast cancer suitable for breast conservation were randomized to DE-assisted wide local excision versus standard wide local excision (without DE).

Wild data: how front-line hospital staff make sense of patients' experiences.

Patient-centred care has become the touchstone of healthcare policy in developed healthcare systems. The ensuing commodification of patients' experiences has resulted in a mass of data but little sense of whether and how such data are used. We sought to understand how front-line staff use patient experience data for quality improvement in the National Health Service (NHS).

'Team capital' in quality improvement teams: findings from an ethnographic study of front-line quality improvement in the NHS.

Background: Teamwork is important in the design and delivery of initiatives in complex healthcare systems but the specifics of quality improvement (QI) teams are not well studied.

Objective: To explain the functioning of front-line healthcare teams working on patient-centred QI using Bourdieu's sociological construct of capital.

Methods: One medical ward from each of six NHS Trusts in England participated in the study, purposively selected for a range of performance levels on patient experience metrics.

How do frontline staff use patient experience data for service improvement? Findings from an ethnographic case study evaluation.

Objectives: Improving patient experience is widely regarded as a key component of health care quality. However, while a considerable amount of data are collected about patient experience, there are concerns this information is not always used to improve care. This study explored whether and how frontline staff use patient experience data for service improvement.

The Use of Hydrodissection in Nipple- and Skin-sparing Mastectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Hydrodissection (HD) is a method to create a subcutaneous and prepectoral plane during mastectomy using a mixture of crystalloid solution with local anesthetic and epinephrine. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative complications and surgical outcomes of this technique compared with standard mastectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent bilateral risk-reducing, nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction through an inframammary crease incision either with standard electrocautery (control group) or HD (HD group) between January 2013 and January 2017.

Acellular dermal matrices as an adjunct to implant breast reconstruction: Analysis of outcomes and complications.

Purpose: Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) are increasingly used in implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR). Uncertainty remains with regard to their efficacy and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and complication rates associated with the use of ADMs in IBR.

[Validation of a questionnaire on health literacy among Francophones in situation of linguistic minority].

Objective: This study was designed to develop and test the qualitative validity of a French questionnaire. The questionnaire explored the mechanisms by which Francophone in situation of linguistic minority mobilize their social capital and cultural assets in terms of health literacy.

Methods: We used evidence derived from a previous qualitative study in which we elaborated the characteristics of social capital and cultural assets.

'HIV has a woman's face': vaginal microbicides and a case of ambiguous failure.

The case is a primary unit of knowledge production in the field of HIV research, yet the work that is done to construct cases often goes unremarked. In this paper, the case takes centre stage in an analysis of a set of apparent failures in HIV prevention research, namely a series of clinical trials to test vaginal microbicides. Returning to the genesis of the microbicide concept in the early 1990s, I examine how the discourse of women's empowerment was linked to HIV prevention in a way that mobilized a particular vision of the case, which was both politically and scientifically expedient.

The Pharmaceutical Commons: Sharing and Exclusion in Global Health Drug Development.

In the last decade, the organization of pharmaceutical research on neglected tropical diseases has undergone transformative change. In a context of perceived "market failure," the development of new medicines is increasingly handled by public-private partnerships. This shift toward hybrid organizational models depends on a particular form of exchange: the sharing of proprietary assets in general and of intellectual property rights in particular.

End-user support for primary care electronic medical records: a qualitative case study of users' needs, expectations and realities.

Support is considered an important factor for realizing the benefits of health information technology (HIT) but there is a dearth of research on the topic of support, especially in primary care. We conducted a qualitative multiple case study of 4 family health teams (FHTs) and one family health organization (FHO) in Ontario, Canada in an attempt to gain insight into users' expectations and needs, and the realities of end-user support for primary care electronic medical records (EMRs). Data were collected by semi-structured interviews, documents review, and observation of training sessions.

Integrating tuberculosis and HIV services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Objectives: Given the imperative to scale up integrated tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services in settings where both are of major public health importance, we aimed to synthesise knowledge concerning implementation of TB/HIV service integration.

Methods: Systematic review of studies describing a strategy to facilitate TB and HIV service integration, searching 15 bibliographic databases including Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library; and relevant conference abstracts.

Results: Sixty-three of 1936 peer-reviewed articles and 70 of 170 abstracts met our inclusion criteria.

HIV and dyadic intervention: an interdependence and communal coping analysis.

Background: The most common form of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is heterosexual sex between two partners. While most HIV prevention interventions are aimed at the individual, there is mounting evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of dyadic interventions. However, the mechanisms through which dyadic-level interventions achieve success remain little explored.

Protocols and participatory democracy in a 'North-South' product development partnership.

Global product development partnerships (PDPs) for new health technologies have become an increasingly important part of the science and development landscape over the past two decades. Polarised positions are adopted by those scrutinising the power and governance of these public-private formations; on the one hand, they are seen as successful social technology innovations, on the other as regressive and imperialistic regimes of neo-colonialism. Answering recent calls for research to examine the actors, governance, context and dynamics of PDPs, this article presents a sociological case study of one particular partnership, the Microbicides Development Programme (MDP).