The Role of Botulinum Toxin A Neuromodulator in the Management of Synkinesis in Facial Palsy.

Facial palsy describes the denervation of the facial nerve leading to difficulty in facial animation and expression. Facial synkinesis is the result of complex pathological nerve regeneration following damage to the facial nerve axons. Synkinesis in facial palsy can be managed using facial neuromuscular rehabilitation, botulinum toxin neuromodulators, and surgical treatment options.

Psychological Aspects of Facial Palsy.

This article discusses the psychological effects of facial palsy (FP) in adults. FP is the abnormal functioning of facial muscles resulting from temporary or permanent damage of the facial nerves. Following facial paralysis, patients can develop motor and psychosocial functioning issues impacting quality of life.

The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Outcome Measurement in Facial Reanimation Surgery: A Review.

Surgeons treating facial paralysis with reanimation surgery measure the outcomes of surgery and adjust treatment to each patient's needs. Our objective is to review the current subjective facial paralysis assessment tools and the emerging computer-based objective analysis, which may involve artificial intelligence. In recent years, many new automated approaches to outcome measurement in facial reanimation surgery have been developed.

Voluntary and Spontaneous Smile Quantification in Facial Palsy Patients: Validation of a Novel Mobile Application.

Restoration of spontaneous smiling is a key goal in facial reanimation. A major obstacle to quantifying recovery of spontaneous smiling is the current lack of a uniform and objective means of smile quantification. To compare the facial movements during smiling in patients with facial paralysis as measured by an automated application and human observers.

Bell's palsy during pregnancy and the post-partum period: A contemporary management approach.

Bell's palsy during pregnancy and the immediate post-partum period represents a unique clinical entity requiring an individualised management approach. Whilst the exact link between Bell's palsy and pregnancy is still unclear, the majority of cases occur in the third trimester and immediate post-partum period. These patients have been demonstrated to experience worse long term outcomes and are less likely to receive early corticosteroid therapy.

A Non-inferiority Trial: Safety and Efficacy of Topical 1:1000 versus 1:10 000 Epinephrine in Sino-nasal Surgeries.

Objective: This study aimed to test the non-inferiority of topical 1:1000 epinephrine compared to topical 1:10 000 with regard to intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and to determine whether it produced superior visibility conditions.

Methods: A single-blinded, prospective, cross-over non-inferiority trial was performed. Topical 1:1000 or topical 1:10 000 was placed in 1 nasal passage.

Does Botulinum Toxin Therapy Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Facial Palsy?

Objectives: To review the current literature for the efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy to improve quality of life in patients with facial palsy.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed of the Medline, EMBase, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The population of interest was patients with facial palsy and the intervention of interest was botulinum toxin injection.

Tranexamic acid in otorhinolaryngology - A contemporary review.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic agent which has been proven beneficial in multiple surgical specialties where significant bleeding can occur. Whilst it has been widely available for over 40 years its use within Otorhinolaryngology is still limited. Operations in Otorhinolaryngology are particularly varied with some such as tonsillectomy having the potential for significant life threatening bleeding.

High Altitude Alternobaric Facial Palsy: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Alternobaric facial palsy (AFP) is a rare phenomenon which occurs in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction, a dehiscent facial canal, and subsequent compression induced ischemic neuropraxia of the facial nerve upon exposure to atmospheric pressure changes. There are few documented cases of AFP and most relate to underwater diving. There is limited understanding in the literature of AFP in the setting of high altitude, leading to a potential for misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.

Computed tomographic analysis of outer calvarial thickness for osseointegrated bone-anchored hearing system insertion.

Introduction: Osseointegrated bone-anchored hearing systems (BAHSs) are a useful tool in auditory rehabilitation for single-sided deafness and conductive/mixed hearing loss. They rely on adequate osseointegration of titanium implants, which can be limited by calvarial thickness. This study examines adult computed tomographic (CT) temporal bone normative data for calvarial thickness in the areas commonly recommended for BAHS insertion and identifies hazards that may compromise the osseointegration process.