No evidence for a relationship between farm or transformation process locations and antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas population associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Aims: Study the relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas isolated from farmed rainbow trout fillets and farm or transformation process locations.

Methods And Results: Pseudomonas strains were isolated from rainbow trout sampled in two differently located farms and filleted in laboratory or in a processing factory. One hundred and twenty-five isolates were confirmed as belonging to Pseudomonas using CFC selective media, Gram staining, oxidase test and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods.

Comparison of Stomaching versus Rinsing for Recovering Bacterial Communities from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets.

Abstract: The use of high-throughput methods allows a better characterization of food-related bacterial communities. However, such methods require large amounts of high-quality bacterial DNA, which may be a challenge when dealing with a complex matrix that has a low concentration of bacteria, such as fresh fish fillets. Therefore, the choice of method used to recover bacteria from a food matrix in a cost-effective way is critical, yet little information is available on the performance of commonly used methods.

Integration of microbiology and infectious disease teaching courses in an interdisciplinary training programme (Master level) centred on the 'One world, one health' WHO concept.

This report describes the integration of the microbiology and infectious diseases teaching courses in an international Master's level interdisciplinary programme based on the 'One world, one health' WHO concept, and reports the students and teachers' evaluation related to their feelings of about this innovative programme. The integration was evaluated by recording the positioning of these two topics in the five teaching units constituting the programme, and by identifying their contribution in the interactions between the different teaching units. The satisfaction of students was assessed by a quantitative survey, whereas the feelings of students and teachers were assessed by interviews.

Added value of experts' knowledge to improve a quantitative microbial exposure assessment model--Application to aseptic-UHT food products.

In a previous study, a quantitative microbial exposure assessment (QMEA) model applied to an aseptic-UHT food process was developed [Pujol, L., Albert, I., Magras, C.

Estimation and evaluation of management options to control and/or reduce the risk of not complying with commercial sterility.

In a previous study, a modular process risk model, from the raw material reception to the final product storage, was built to estimate the risk of a UHT-aseptic line of not complying with commercial sterility (Pujol et al., 2015). This present study was focused on demonstrating how the model (updated version with uncertainty and variability separated and 2(nd) order Monte Carlo procedure run) could be used to assess quantitatively the influence of management options.

Probabilistic exposure assessment model to estimate aseptic-UHT product failure rate.

Aseptic-Ultra-High-Temperature (UHT) products are manufactured to be free of microorganisms capable of growing in the food at normal non-refrigerated conditions at which the food is likely to be held during manufacture, distribution and storage. Two important phases within the process are widely recognised as critical in controlling microbial contamination: the sterilisation steps and the following aseptic steps. Of the microbial hazards, the pathogen spore formers Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus cereus are deemed the most pertinent to be controlled.

Meta-analysis of Campylobacter spp. survival data within a temperature range of 0 to 42°C.

In Europe, Campylobacter is the leading reported cause of bacterial foodborne infectious disease. Quantifying its ability to survive at chilled and ambient temperatures and identifying the factors involved in variation in its survival may contribute to the development of efficient risk management strategies. A data set of 307 inactivation curves collected from the literature and the ComBase database, combined with 388 experimental curves, was analyzed with a log-linear model to obtain 695 D-values (time for 1 log inactivation).

Assessment of levels of bacterial contamination of large wild game meat in Europe.

The variations in prevalence and levels of pathogens and fecal contamination indicators in large wild game meat were studied to assess their potential impact on consumers. This analysis was based on hazard analysis, data generation and statistical analysis. A total of 2919 meat samples from three species (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) were collected at French game meat traders' facilities using two sampling protocols.

Foodborne zoonoses due to meat: a quantitative approach for a comparative risk assessment applied to pig slaughtering in Europe.

Foodborne zoonoses have a major health impact in industrialised countries. New European food safety regulations were issued to apply risk analysis to the food chain. The severity of foodborne zoonoses and the exposure of humans to biological hazards transmitted by food must be assessed.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from fattening pigs in France.

Campylobacter are a leading cause of human diarrhea. The usual source of infection is contaminated food, particularly poultry but pork has also been described. The veterinary use of antimicrobial drugs has been suggested to be largely responsible for resistance in human isolates of this zoonotic pathogen.

Relative contribution of target gene mutation and efflux to fluoroquinolone and erythromycin resistance, in French poultry and pig isolates of Campylobacter coli.

Thirty-eight avian and swine French isolates of Campylobacter coli were studied for their mechanisms of co-resistance to fluoroquinolones and erythromycin. A Thr86Ile modification of GyrA, responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance, was found in all the strains. Two different levels of resistance to erythromycin (MIC of 8-16 or >/=256 mg/l) were observed.