The origin of waste activated sludge affects the enhancement of anaerobic digestion by free nitrous acid pre-treatment.

Anaerobic digestion is a common stabilization method for treating primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS). However, its application is often limited by the degradation of WAS. Recent studies have demonstrated FNA to be an effective pre-treatment for enhancing WAS degradability, while having limited effect on PS degradability.

Benefits and drawbacks of food and dairy waste co-digestion at a high organic loading rate: A Moosburg WWTP case study.

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) is a key technology in reframing organic waste as a viable energy source. A lack of documented experience on full-scale AcoD at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has created a bottleneck in AcoD implementation, which is further tightened by the focus of existing AcoD studies being on low co-substrate loading (<50%) and the obtainable benefits. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the drawbacks and benefits of high-ratio co-substrate dosing of food and dairy wastes at the Moosburg WWTP (Germany) from 2014 to 2017.

Differentiation of prostate epithelial cell cultures by matrigel/ stromal cell glandular reconstruction.

Three-dimensional epithelial culture models are widely used to emulate a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for the study of genes and signaling pathways. Prostate epithelial cells can grow into solid cell masses or acinus-like spheroids in Matrigel. To test if the ability to form acinus-like spheroids in Matrigel is dependent on how undifferentiated a cell is or whether it is tumor or nontumor, we established six novel epithelial cell lines.