Access to contraception in local health departments, four Midwest states, 2017-2018.

Objective: Describe contraception availability at local health departments (LHDs) serving largely rural populations.

Study Design: We invited administrators at LHDs located in four Midwest states to participate in an online survey conducted from September 2017-April 2018. We collected data on clinic staffing, patient population, receipt of Title X funds, and services provided to assess the proportion of LHDs providing any prescription method of contraception; secondary outcomes included healthcare staff training level and other reproductive health services provided.

Let's talk about sex (again): advancing the conversation around long-acting reversible contraception for teenagers.

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has incredible potential for decreasing teenage pregnancy rates in the USA, but use among adolescents remains low. LARC methods, including intrauterine devices and implants, are recommended as first-line choices for teenagers by multiple medical professional associations. Barriers at the system, provider and patient level persist, but new demonstration projects, in addition to provisions of the Affordable Care Act, show great promise in facilitating LARC use.

Chlamydia screening and positivity in juvenile detention centers, United States, 2009-2011.

An estimated 2.9 million new chlamydia infections occur in the United States each year. Among women, chlamydia can lead to serious adverse outcomes, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.

Screening for sexually transmitted diseases in short-term correctional institutions: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines.

Young persons entering US jails and youth detention facilities have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added STD screening guidelines specific to correctional settings to the 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines. This article summarizes published evidence from 1990 to 2009 used to develop the recommendations.

Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008.

Background: Most sexually active people will be infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) at some point in their lives. The number of STIs in the United States was previously estimated in 2000. We updated previous estimates to reflect the number of STIs for calendar year 2008.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women attending prenatal clinics: United States, 2004-2009.

Background: Chlamydia screening practices, positivity, and trends from 2004 to 2009 in publicly funded prenatal clinics have not been described.

Methods: A phone-based survey assessing chlamydia screening practices was conducted among a random sample of clinics providing prenatal services (prenatal, family planning, and integrated clinics: "prenatal clinics") that reported data to the Infertility Prevention Project (IPP) in 2008. Using existing IPP data, chlamydia positivity and trends were assessed among women aged 15 to 24 years seeking care in any prenatal clinic reporting ≥3 years of data to IPP from 2004 to 2009.

Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men and women entering the National Job Training Program--United States, 2004-2009.

Background: National notifiable disease data indicate that there were 99 cases of gonorrhea for every 100,000 persons in the United States in 2009, the lowest recorded gonorrhea rate in US history. However, the extent to which declining case reports signify a reduction in prevalence is unknown.

Methods: Gonorrhea prevalence was estimated among 16- to 24-year-old men and women entering the National Job Training Program (NJTP) between 2004 and 2009.

Chlamydia positivity trends among women attending family planning clinics: United States, 2004-2008.

Background: Annual chlamydia screening is recommended for all sexually active women aged <25 years. Substantial limitations exist in ascertaining chlamydia trends. Reported case rates have increased likely due to increased screening and improved test technology.

Application of the time-series approach to assess the temporal trend of racial disparity in chlamydia prevalence in the US National Job Training Program.

The authors applied a time-series approach to assess the temporal trend of racial disparity in chlamydia prevalence between young, socioeconomically disadvantaged blacks and whites entering the US National Job Training Program. Racial disparity was defined as the arithmetic difference between age group-, specimen type-, and region of residence-standardized chlamydia prevalences in blacks and whites. A regression with autoregressive moving average errors model was employed to adjust for serial correlation.

Pelvic inflammatory disease among privately insured women, United States, 2001-2005.

Background: We explored the utility of using insurance claims data for surveillance of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID rates are an important indicator of population level trends in reproductive morbidity; however, data available to monitor PID trends are limited. National survey data are currently used to estimate PID rates in the United States, but a declining number of cases threaten their future usefulness.

Chlamydia prevalence among women and men entering the National Job Training Program: United States, 2003-2007.

Objective: To analyze 5-year prevalence trends in Chlamydia trachomatis infections among high-risk young men and women aged 16 to 24 years entering the National Job Training Program, where universal screening is required.

Methods: Entrance exams conducted in over 100 National Job Training Program centers from 2003 to 2007 were considered. Women provided cervical specimens tested using either a DNA hybridization probe (PACE 2, Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA) or a strand displacement amplification test (SDA, BD ProbeTec ET, Becton-Dickinson, Sparks, MD).

Estimates of Chlamydia trachomatis infections among men: United States.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections among men in the United States.

Study Design: Data from the notifiable disease case surveillance system, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), the National Job Training Program, the Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) Prevalence Monitoring Project, and adult and juvenile corrections facilities were used to summarize national chlamydia case and prevalence rates. Data were stratified by age and race/ethnicity.

Changes in sexual behavior and STD prevalence among heterosexual STD clinic attendees: 1993-1995 versus 1999-2000.

Objective: To examine trends in sex behaviors and STD prevalence over time among heterosexual STD clinic populations from 3 urban STD clinics in the United States.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis comparing baseline data on risk (self-reported) and STDs (laboratory defined) from 2 randomized controlled trials evaluating counseling efficacy conducted about 5 years apart, Project RESPECT (1993-1995) and RESPECT-2 (1999-2000).

Results: The participants from RESPECT (n = 2457) and RESPECT-2 (n = 3080) were demographically similar.