Five-year follow-up after cervical cytology and histology discordance: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cervical smear cytology and colposcopic biopsy histology are prone to error at both collection and interpretation stages, leading to a large number of discordant cases.

Aims: Investigation of five-year outcomes for women who have cervical cytology that is discordant and higher grade than histology results.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out for 111 women with cervical cytology discordant and higher grade than histology, after cytopathological review, over a three-year period.

Nil by mouth: best practice patient education.

Some patients need to stop eating and drinking, to be nil by mouth, at certain points in their care pathway for their own safety; their care will vary, depending on individual needs. Nurses need adequate knowledge of NBM guidelines to know how to implement them and be able to educate patients. This article explains how to care for patients who are NBM during pre- or post-operative periods.