Mental and behavioral health problems among displaced Myanmar adults exhibiting suboptimal adherence to chronic disease medication treatment in Thailand.

Background: People living with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes are at high risk for mental health and psychosocial problems. These problems, in turn, can lead to social isolation, lower quality of life, greater health needs, and poorer health outcomes. The prevalence of NCDs is rising in humanitarian settings, where residents are already at an increased risk of mental health problems due to trauma and stressful living conditions.

A digital, decentralized trial of exercise therapy in patients with cancer.

We developed and evaluated the Digital Platform for Exercise (DPEx): a decentralized, patient-centric approach designed to enhance all aspects of clinical investigation of exercise therapy. DPEx integrated provision of a treadmill with telemedicine and remote biospecimen collection permitting all study procedures to be conducted in patient's homes. Linked health biodevices enabled high-resolution monitoring of lifestyle and physiological response.

Von Willebrand factor targeted thrombolysis in canine basilar artery occlusion.

Background And Purpose: Posterior circulation strokes, accounting for 20% of acute ischemic strokes, significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Fibrinolysis by rtPA improves outcomes in stroke but the risk of intracranial hemorrhage limits benefit. Arterial recanalization of basilar artery occlusion by thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy improves outcomes in posterior circulation strokes.

Risk of Infection in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes With Relaxed Glycemic Control.

Objective: To compare the risk of hospitalization for infection among patients who achieve intensive versus relaxed glycemic control.

Research Design And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults age ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes from an integrated health care delivery system. Negative binomial models were used to estimate incidence rates and relative risk (RR) of hospitalization for infections (respiratory; genitourinary; skin, soft tissue, and bone; and sepsis), comparing two levels of relaxed (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 7% to <8% and 8% to <9%) with intensive (HbA1c 6% to <7%) glycemic control from 1 January 2019 to 1 March 2020.

Insights and inspirations: A qualitative exploration of community health workers' motivations in Myanmar and Bangladesh.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) play significant roles in various settings, with their motivations and retention strategies widely studied. Yet, literature is sparse on CHWs from Myanmar, who are key to primary health care in marginalized and conflict-affected areas. This study explores the unique challenges these CHWs face, using firsthand accounts.

Psychological interventions for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties aged 5-12 years: An evidence review.

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), children and families face a multitude of risk factors for mental health and well-being. These risks are even further exacerbated in humanitarian emergencies. However, access to effective mental health services in such settings is severely limited, leading to a large mental health treatment gap.

Effects of exercise therapy on chemotherapy delivery and response in primary breast cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial.

Background: Whether structured exercise therapy improves chemotherapy delivery, tolerability, and tumor response is unclear.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a phase 2 trial investigating exercise therapy (n = 72) versus usual care (n = 72) in patients with primary breast cancer. Exercise therapy comprised individualized treadmill walking three times weekly for 20-50 minutes per session at 55%-100% of pretreatment exercise capacity.

Associations Between Demographic Factors, Clinical Variables, Social Determinants of Health, Vaccine Hesitancy, Vaccine Behavior, and Revaccination Status: A Survey of Adult HCT Survivors in the United States.

Comprehensive survivorship care after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) includes revaccination to restore immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). There is complexity to revaccination in this setting, and revaccination rates are sub-optimal. HCT survivors are at high-risk for morbidity and mortality from infections including VPDs, underscoring the importance of interventions to improve revaccination rates among survivors.

Retrieval of the Clipped Axillary Lymph Node and Its Impact on Treatment Decisions.

We examined clinically node-positive (cN+) breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clipped lymph node (CLN) localization to determine the rate of CLN = non-sentinel lymph node (SLN), the factors associated with cN+ to pN0 conversion, and the treatment impact. We conducted a single institution review of cN+ patients receiving NAC from 2016 to 2022 with preoperative CLN localization (N = 81). Demographics, hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status, time to surgery, staging, chemotherapy regimen, localization method, pathology, and adjuvant therapy were analyzed.

Diabetes and uterine fibroid diagnosis in midlife: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Background: Fibroids are non-cancerous uterine tumors potentially associated with cardiovascular risk factors. We examined prospectively associations of glucose, insulin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and diabetes with incidence of fibroid diagnoses in midlife.

Methods: Participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) cohort (n=2570) reported fibroid diagnoses at enrollment (1996-1997) and 13 follow-up visits (1996-2013).

Virtual Collaborative Care Versus Specialty Psychiatry Treatment for Depression or Anxiety.

While collaborative care is known to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms in primary care, comparative effectiveness studies of virtual collaborative care versus virtual specialty psychiatry treatment in real world settings are lacking. This study examined patient depressive and anxiety symptoms over 6 months in collaborative care versus specialty psychiatry. This was an observational study with target trial emulation in a large, community-based, integrated health care system.

Prevalence of low vitamin D levels among older US Asian and Pacific Islander adults.

Unlabelled: While US Asian and Pacific Islander adults have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels than White adults, ethnic subgroup data remain limited. In a large California population, the adjusted prevalence of 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) was 1.5- to 2.

Decreasing chronic graft-versus-host disease rates in all populations.

Since 2005, there has been a steady decline in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. To better understand this phenomenon, we studied the risk of cGVHD requiring systemic immunosuppression (cGVHD-IS) as a function of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) date in 3066 survivors from 2005 through 2019. Cox regression models were fit to assess associations of HCT date (as a continuous linear variable) with cause-specific hazards of cGVHD using unadjusted and adjusted models.

Predictors of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medication Use in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, and Other Psychotic Disorders in a US Community-based, Integrated Health System.

Background And Hypothesis: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics improve patient outcomes and are recommended by treatment guidelines for patients with limited medication adherence in schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, and other psychotic disorders. Reports of LAI antipsychotic use in these disorders and if use aligns with treatment guidelines are lacking. This study aimed to report patient characteristics associated with LAI antipsychotic use in these disorders.

City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Youth Body Mass Index Percentile.

Importance: Levying excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) distributors, which are subsequently passed on to consumers, is a policy implemented to reduce the high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and generate public health funding. Taxes are associated with lower SSB purchases and consumption, but it is unknown whether they are associated with weight-related outcomes in youth.

Objective: To determine the association of SSB excise taxes with youth body mass index (BMI) trajectories.