Impact of Histology and Tumor Grade on Clinical Outcomes Beyond 5 Years of Follow-Up in a Large Cohort of Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Introduction: The optimal length for clinical follow-up of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is unclear. We evaluated the impact of ISUP/WHO tumor grade and histological subtype on short- and long-term survival and risk of recurrence/metastasis in a large cohort of RCC patients.

Patients And Methods: We studied 1679 RCC patients from a single referral center in Italy.

Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals that have been detected in the serum of over 98% of the US population. Studies among highly exposed individuals suggest an association with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and kidney cancer. It remains unclear whether PFOA or other PFAS are renal carcinogens or if they influence risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at concentrations observed in the general population.

Understanding racial disparities in renal cell carcinoma incidence: estimates of population attributable risk in two US populations.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among black than white Americans. The reasons for this disparity remain unclear.

Methods: We calculated race- and sex-specific population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among black and white subjects ≥  50 years of age from the US Kidney Cancer Study (USKC; 965 cases, 953 controls), a case-control study in Chicago and Detroit, and a nested case-control study in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care network (KPNC; 2,162 cases, 21,484 controls).

Case-control investigation of occupational lead exposure and kidney cancer.

Objectives: Lead is a suspected carcinogen that has been inconsistently associated with kidney cancer. To clarify this relationship, we conducted an analysis of occupational lead exposure within a population-based study of kidney cancer using detailed exposure assessment methods.

Methods: Study participants (1217 cases and 1235 controls), enrolled between 2002 and 2007, provided information on their occupational histories and, for selected lead-related occupations, answered questions regarding workplace tasks, and use of protective equipment.

Extended Mortality Follow-up of a Cohort of Dry Cleaners.

Background: Dry cleaning workers are commonly exposed to tetrachloroethylene, a suspected bladder carcinogen, and other organic solvents. The health risks associated with solvent exposures in this industry are unclear.

Methods: We extended mortality follow-up of 5,369 dry cleaning union members in St.

Active and secondhand smoke exposure throughout life and DNA methylation in breast tumors.

Purpose: Tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with altered DNA methylation. However, there is a paucity of information regarding tobacco smoke exposure and DNA methylation of breast tumors.

Methods: We conducted a case-only analysis using breast tumor tissue from 493 postmenopausal and 225 premenopausal cases in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) study.

Decision rule approach applied to estimate occupational lead exposure in a case-control study of kidney cancer.

Background: We developed a systematic, data-driven approach to estimate metrics of occupational exposure to lead to aid in epidemiologic analyses in a case-control study of kidney cancer.

Methods: Probability of exposure to ten lead sources was assigned using decision rules developed from an extensive literature review and expert judgement. For jobs with >50% probability of exposure, we assigned source-specific frequency based on subjects' self-reported task frequencies or means of subjects' job-groups and source-specific intensity estimates of blood lead (μg/dL).

Circulating sCD27 and sCD30 in pre-diagnostic samples collected fifteen years apart and future non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.

Elevated serum sCD27 and sCD30 from a single banked sample have been associated with future non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk (NHL); however, the etiologic relevance of this finding is unclear. To address this question, we conducted a case-control study (235 cases, 235 controls) nested within the CLUE-I and CLUE-II cohorts, which enrolled participants in 1974 and 1989 respectively in Washington County, Maryland. Our study features a subset of 102 cases and 102 controls with two banked pre-diagnostic samples each, collected 15 years apart.

Obesity and renal cell carcinoma risk by histologic subtype: A nested case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background: Although obesity is an established risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), it is unclear whether this relationship varies across histologic subtypes.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) health care network, and meta-analysis combining our results with those of previously published studies. Our KPNC study included 685 RCC cases [421 clear cell; 65 papillary; 24 chromophobe; 35 other; 141 not otherwise specified (NOS)] and 4266 controls.

Case-control investigation of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Objectives: Although many studies have investigated the association between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), less is known about other chlorinated solvents. We extended our previous analysis of occupational TCE exposure in a multicentre population-based case-control study of NHL to investigate associations with five additional chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and perchloroethylene.

Methods: Cases (n=1189) and controls (n=982) provided detailed information on their occupational histories and workplace exposure to chlorinated solvents for selected occupations using job-specific interview modules.

Lifetime exposure to ambient air pollution and methylation of tumor suppressor genes in breast tumors.

Background: We previously reported increased risk of breast cancer associated with early life exposure to two measures of air pollution exposure, total suspended particulates (TSP) and traffic emissions (TE), possible proxies for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure to PAHs has been shown to be associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. Exposure to PAHs and methylation in breast tumor tissue has received little attention.

Longitudinal assessment of occupational determinants of chlorpyrifos exposure in adolescent pesticide workers in Egypt.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphourus insecticide applied to cotton fields by adolescents employed by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture. Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) is a biomarker of CPF exposure that has substantial variability among these applicators. In order to identify predictors of CPF exposure, we conducted a longitudinal study of 43 adolescent pesticide applicators in Egypt from April 2010 to January 2011 in Egypt.

Serum polychlorinated biphenyls and leukocyte telomere length in a highly-exposed population: The Anniston Community Health Survey.

Background: Serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been associated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in most, but not all, of the few previous studies. PCBs were produced in Anniston, Alabama from 1929 to 1971 and participants of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS) were highly exposed.

Objectives: We evaluated serum levels of 35 PCBs and relative telomere length in 559 ACHS participants.

Leukocyte telomere length and renal cell carcinoma survival in two studies.

Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a potential biomarker of cancer prognosis; however, evidence for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is inconsistent.

Methods: We investigated LTL and RCC-specific survival among 684 cases from the US kidney cancer study (USKC) and 241 cases from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO). Leukocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) computed using multivariable Cox models.

Consumption of Lake Ontario sport fish and the incidence of colorectal cancer in the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS).

Fish consumption is hypothesized to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, consuming sport fish from the Great Lakes increases exposure to certain persistent organic pollutants, namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides, which may increase the risk of cancer. Evidence that exposure to persistent organic pollutants is associated with colorectal cancer is sparse.

DNA methylation and breast tumor clinicopathological features: The Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) study.

We evaluated the association between methylation of 9 genes, SCGB3A1, GSTP1, RARB, SYK, FHIT, CDKN2A, CCND2, BRCA1, and SFN in tumor samples from 720 breast cancer cases with clinicopathological features of the tumors and survival. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of methylation and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between methylation and breast cancer related mortality. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were associated with increased SCGB3A1 methylation among pre- and post-menopausal cases.

Chlorpyrifos exposure and respiratory health among adolescent agricultural workers.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide (OP). In adults, exposure to OPs has been inconsistently associated with reduced lung function. OP exposure and lung function has not been assessed in adolescents.