QuitNic: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Nicotine Vaping Products With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation Following Residential Detoxification.

Introduction: The QuitNic pilot trial aimed to test the feasibility of providing a nicotine vaping product (NVP) compared with combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to smokers upon discharge from a smoke-free residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment service.

Methods: QuitNic was a pragmatic two-arm randomized controlled trial. At discharge from residential withdrawal, 100 clients received telephone Quitline behavioral support and either 12-week supply of NRT or an NVP.

Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia.

Introduction: Smoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population.

Electronic nicotine devices to aid smoking cessation by alcohol- and drug-dependent clients: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Up to 95% of people entering treatment for use of alcohol or other drugs (AOD) smoke tobacco. Smokers receiving treatment for AOD use are interested in quitting and make quit attempts, but relapse is more common and rapid compared with the general population of smokers. New ways to address smoking in this population are needed.

Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Smoking Following Release From Smoke-Free Prisons.

Introduction: Given the current proliferation of prison smoke-free policies internationally, and the multiple benefits of continued smoking abstinence for correctional populations, improved understanding of factors influencing postrelease smoking abstinence is required to inform support strategies aimed at individuals exiting smoke-free prisons.

Methods: We systematically searched health, social science, and criminal justice databases for studies relating to smoking behaviors among people released from smoke-free prisons. Studies were included if: they were published between January 1, 2000 and July 26, 2017; they were published in English; the population was people who were incarcerated or formerly incarcerated in prisons with total smoke-free policies; and the reported outcomes included measures of: (1) prerelease intention to smoke or remain abstinent from smoking following release, (2) smoking relapse or abstinence following release, or (3) quit attempts following postrelease smoking relapse.

Nicotine Withdrawal, Relapse of Mental Illness, or Medication Side-Effect? Implementing a Monitoring Tool for People With Mental Illness Into Quitline Counseling.

Background: Smokers with mental illness and their health care providers are often concerned that smoking cessation will worsen mental health. Smokers with mental illness tend to be more nicotine-dependent and experience more severe symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, some of which are difficult to distinguish from psychiatric symptoms. In addition, smoking cessation can increase the blood levels and hence side effects of some psychotropic medications.

Homeless Clients Benefit From Smoking Cessation Treatment Delivered by a Homeless Persons' Program.

Introduction: Few homeless programs offer smoking cessation treatment. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a smoking cessation treatment model delivered by staff of a homeless persons' program.

Methods: Fourteen nurses from Melbourne's Royal District Nursing Service Homeless Persons' Program recruited 49 clients into a 12-week program offering weekly nurse-delivered smoking cessation appointments with intermittent carbon monoxide measurements, doctor-prescribed free nicotine patch, bupropion or varenicline, and Quitline phone support.

Helping smokers with depression to quit smoking: collaborative care with Quitline.

Objectives: To report smokers' evaluations and uptake of Quitline-doctor comanagement of smoking cessation and depression, a key component of the Victorian Quitline's tailored call-back service for smokers with a history of depression and to explore its relationship to quitting success.

Design, Participants And Setting: Prospective study followed Quitline clients disclosing doctor-diagnosed depression (n = 227). Measures were taken at baseline (following initial Quitline call), posttreatment (2 months) and 6 months from recruitment (77% and 70% response rates, respectively).

The potential of quitlines to increase smoking cessation.

Quitlines are increasingly becoming a core smoking cessation resource. This paper canvasses the potential of quitlines and briefly reviews the evidence for their utility. Quitlines can be an effective means of helping smokers quit.

Can transtheoretical model measures predict relapse from the action stage of change among ex-smokers who quit after calling a quitline?

This study explored whether transtheoretical model (TTM) measures could predict relapse from the action stage, i.e., during the first 6 months of smoking cessation.

What is the right thing at the right time? Interactions between stages and processes of change among smokers who make a quit attempt.

C. A. Perz, C.