A Multisource Process Evaluation of a Community-Based Healthy Lifestyle Programme for Child and Adolescent Obesity.

Whānau Pakari is a healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme for children and adolescents with obesity in Taranaki (Aotearoa/New Zealand), which, in this region, replaced the nationally funded Green Prescription Active Families (GRxAF) programme. We compared national referral rates from the GRxAF programme (age 5-15 years) and the B4 School Check (B4SC, a national preschool health and development assessment) with referral rates in Taranaki from Whānau Pakari. We retrospectively analysed 5 years of clinical data (2010-2015), comparing referral rates before, during, and after the Whānau Pakari clinical trial, which was embedded within the programme.

Infants Eligible for Neonatal Hypoglycemia Screening: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, occurring in up to 50% of infants at risk for hypoglycemia (infant of diabetic mother [IDM], small for gestational age [SGA], large for gestational age [LGA], and preterm) and is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Guidelines recommend screening infants at risk of hypoglycemia. The proportion of infants who require screening for neonatal hypoglycemia is unknown.

Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding for wāhine Māori.

Aim: Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of tikanga Māori (Māori cultural traditions/practices) requiring protection and promotion. This study identifies determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in wāhine Māori.

Methods: Wāhine Māori enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand child cohort study participated (n=1060).

Randomised controlled trial of nebulised gentamicin in children with bronchiectasis.

Aim: Following trials of inhaled antibiotics in adults, this study investigates the efficacy of nebulised gentamicin to improve respiratory function in children with bronchiectasis.

Methods: This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 12-week nebulised placebo/gentamicin, 6-week washout, 12-week gentamicin/placebo. Participants were children (5-15 years) with bronchiectasis, chronic infection (any pathogen), and able to perform spirometry from a hospital bronchiectasis clinic.

The relationship between diet and sleep in 2-y-old children: Results from Growing Up in New Zealand.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary practices and sleep in young children.

Methods: In this study, 2-y-old children (n = 6327) and their mothers were enrolled at birth and during pregnancy, respectively. The study obtained maternal demographic, health, and lifestyle data during late pregnancy.

Vaccination information fathers receive during pregnancy and determinants of infant vaccination timeliness.

The information fathers receive about infant vaccination may influence their decision to vaccinate. We describe fathers' sources of vaccination information and paternal determinants of timely infant vaccinations. Participants were from a child cohort study in New Zealand.

Surveillance of pediatric parapneumonic effusion/empyema in New Zealand.

Aim: The incidence of childhood empyema has been increasing in some developed countries despite the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination. This study aimed to document the incidence, bacterial pathogens, and morbidity/mortality of parapneumonic effusion/empyema in New Zealand.

Methods: A prospective study of 102 children <15 years of age requiring hospitalization with parapneumonic effusion/empyema between May 1, 2014 and May 31, 2016 notified via the New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit.

Adherence to neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To determine if the routine use of automatically calculated birthweight centiles prior to discharge from the delivery unit is associated with improved adherence to the neonatal hypoglycaemia guideline.

Methods: We conducted retrospective audits of adherence to the neonatal hypoglycaemia guideline in a tertiary maternity hospital in Auckland, New Zealand in a randomly selected cohort of newborn infants at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia before (2011) and after (2015) the introduction of routine use of calculated birthweight centiles for all infants. The primary outcome was adherence to the guideline, defined as (i) blood glucose concentration screening in the first 48 h after birth; (ii) the initial measurement taken 1-2 h after birth; and (iii) at least three consecutive blood glucose concentrations ≥2.

Hospital readmissions with acute infectious diseases in New Zealand children < 2 years of age.

Background: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of hospital admissions in young children. Hospitalisation with an infectious disease is a recurrent event for some children. Our objective was to describe risk factors for infectious disease readmission following hospital admission with an infectious disease in the first two years of life.

Vaccine Education During Pregnancy and Timeliness of Infant Immunization.

Objectives: Pregnant women routinely receive information in support of or opposing infant immunization. We aimed to describe immunization information sources of future mothers' and determine if receiving immunization information is associated with infant immunization timeliness.

Methods: We analyzed data from a child cohort born 2009-2010 in New Zealand.

Increasing Incidence of Life-threatening Pertussis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in New Zealand.

Background: Pertussis immunization programs aim to prevent severe infant disease. We investigated temporal trends in infant pertussis deaths and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and associations of changes in disease detection and vaccines used with death and PICU admission rates.

Methods: Using national data from New Zealand (NZ), we described infant pertussis deaths and PICU admissions from 1991 to 2013, over which time national immunization coverage at 2 years of age increased from <80% to 92%.

Antenatal immunisation intentions of expectant parents: Relationship to immunisation timeliness during infancy.

Background: Most women decide about infant immunisation during pregnancy. However, we have limited knowledge of the immunisation intentions of their partners. We aimed to describe what pregnant women and their partners intended for their future child's immunisations, and to identify associations between parental intentions and the subsequent timeliness of infant immunisation.

The impact of primary care on emergency department presentation and hospital admission with pneumonia: a case-control study of preschool-aged children.

Background: In children, community-acquired pneumonia is a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) presentation and hospital admission. Quality primary care may prevent some of these hospital visits.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify primary care factors associated with ED presentation and hospital admission of preschool-aged children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Maternal and perinatal predictors of newborn iron status.

Aim: To describe iron status at birth in a population sample of children.

Method: Cord blood samples were obtained at birth from 131 infants enrolled in the cohort study Growing Up in New Zealand. Cord blood serum ferritin (SF) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured and associations of SF and Hb with maternal and birth characteristics were determined.

Therapeutic reactivation of mutant p53 protein by quinazoline derivatives.

Purpose: The human tumour suppressor protein p53 is mutated in nearly half of human tumours and most mutant proteins have single amino acid changes. Several drugs including the quinazoline derivative 1 (CP-31398) have been reported to restore p53 activity in mutant cells. The side chain of 1 contains a styryl linkage that compromises its stability and we wished to explore the activity of analogues containing more stable side chains.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is inhibited by p53 protein expression in human ovarian cancer cells.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy provide major cellular pathways for protein degradation. Since the p53 pathway controls autophagy, we investigated whether p53 regulates UPS in ovarian tumour cell lines. A reporter cell line (SKOV3-EGFPu) was established to measure UPS function against a constant genetic background.

The mouse polyubiquitin gene UbC is essential for fetal liver development, cell-cycle progression and stress tolerance.

UbC is one of two stress-inducible polyubiquitin genes in mammals and is thought to supplement the constitutive UbA genes in maintaining cellular ubiquitin (Ub) levels during episodes of cellular stress. We have generated mice harboring a targeted disruption of the UbC gene. UbC(-/-) embryos die between embryonic days 12.