Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor-Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates.

Human milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart-rate (HR) responses of 2-day-old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water.

Comparative Investigation of Conventional and Innovative Headspace Extraction Methods to Explore the Volatile Content of Human Milk.

The odor of human milk induces search-like movements and oral activation in newborns, which increases their chances of taking advantage of milk intake and benefits. However, the underlying volatile fraction of human milk remains understudied. This study aimed to devise a simple method to extract a wide range of volatile compounds from small-volume human milk samples.

Use of random forest methodology to link aroma profiles to volatile compounds: Application to enzymatic hydrolysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by-products combined with Maillard reactions.

To use salmon protein hydrolysates as food ingredients and to mask the fish odor, Maillard reactions were associated with enzymatic production of hydrolysates. The study explored an original approach based on regression trees (RT) and random forest (RF) methodologies to predict hydrolysate odor profiles from volatile compounds. An experimental design with four factors: enzyme/substrate ratio, quantity of xylose, hydrolysis and cooking times was used to create a range of enzymatic hydrolysates.

Polymerase chain reaction assay specific for pathogenic Leptospira based on the gene hap1 encoding the hemolysis-associated protein-1.

In this study, we used Southern hybridization of genomic DNA with the integral hap1 gene as a probe to show that this gene is only present in pathogenic Leptospira strains. We then selected PCR primers based on the hap1 gene, and tested them on several Leptospira strains and biological samples. Specific amplification was obtained for all pathogenic strains tested.