Pregnancy as a window of opportunity for dementia prevention: a narrative review.

Dementia is a debilitating condition with a disproportionate impact on women. While sex differences in longevity contribute to the disparity, the role of the female sex as a biological variable in disease progression is not yet fully elucidated. Metabolic dysfunctions are drivers of dementia etiology, and cardiometabolic diseases are among the most influential modifiable risk factors.

The Impact of Sleep on the Lives of Women Who Have Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Qualitative Exploration.

Breast cancer survivors (BCSs) have many lifelong symptoms of anxiety, depression, lymphedema, and fatigue that can be exacerbated by sleep disturbance. However, little is known about unique factors contributing to sleep disturbance among BCSs with lymphedema; this requires further investigation to offer appropriate support and treatment to these individuals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to capture perceptions and experiences of lymphedema and sleep among BCSs with lymphedema.

Toward sleep health as a focus of physical therapy practice: one lecture can positively impact sleep knowledge and beliefs in entry-level students.

Background: Challenges to integrating health promotion including sleep health into entry-level physical therapist curricula include lack of faculty expertise, time, and support. A lecture provided by a content expert may mitigate such challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine if a sleep education session impacts Doctor of Physical Therapy students' knowledge and beliefs about sleep.

Modifying diet and exercise in multiple sclerosis (MoDEMS): A randomized controlled trial for behavioral weight loss in adults with multiple sclerosis and obesity.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and MS-related disability. The efficacy of behavioral weight loss interventions among people with MS (pwMS) remains largely unknown.

Objective: Examine whether a group-based telehealth weight loss intervention produces clinically significant weight loss in pwMS and obesity.

Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Sleep Health into Outpatient Physical Therapist Practice: A Survey Study.

Aims: While challenges and barriers to incorporating health promotion into physical therapist (PT) practice have been previously described, none have specifically assessed the challenges and barriers to incorporating sleep health into PT practice. The objective of this study was to elucidate the perceived barriers and facilitators of incorporating sleep health into outpatient PT practice.

Methods: An electronic survey was developed via qualitative interview and expert feedback.

Examining the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients seeking physical therapy services.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances in adults seeking physical therapy services.

Methods: Participants were issued an electronic survey to provide demographic information and the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), STOP-BANG (obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk), and restless leg syndrome (RLS) risk. Percentages were calculated to describe prevalence of sleep disturbances, and Spearman's correlations were used to identify associations between pain and sleep questionnaires.

Knowledge and attitudes of physiotherapists toward sleep: A survey study.

Background: Sleep has been considered as a critical brain state that affects various body functions relevant to physiotherapy (PTs) practice such as motor learning and relearning, pain management, and cognitive function. Despite the importance of sleep for successful rehabilitation outcomes, sleep is often overlooked by PTs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude and perception of PTs on the need to assess sleep and provide education about sleep for their patients, as well as the perceived need for PTs to be educated on sleep topics.

Social support predicts sleep quality in people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Poor sleep quality is one of the most prominent patient-reported problems in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in PwMS having less contact with physicians, therapists, support groups, and family, which led to decreased access to typical supports. The purpose of this study was to assess how social support impacted sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in PwMS within the United States.

Telehealth-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.

Background: Over 50% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have moderate or severe sleep disturbances, insomnia being the most common. In-person cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (F2F-CBTi) is currently the first-line treatment for insomnia. However, given potential limitations to access including mobility difficulty, fatigue, or living in a rural area, telehealth-delivered CBT-I (tele-CBTi) has been considered as an alternative treatment.

Poor Sleep Hygiene is Associated with Decreased Discrimination and Inattention on Continuous Performance Task in Doctor of Physical Therapy Students: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Reduced sleep quality impairs learning, memory formation, attention, and executive function ability. Poor sleep quality or sleep hygiene has been shown to impair academic performance of undergraduate and medical students. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and cognitive performance in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students.

Feasibility and Treatment Effect of a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Program in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: At least 40% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience chronic insomnia. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia symptoms in individuals with MS. Delivery of CBT-I using Web-based applications has been shown to be effective and may increase access to CBT-I for individuals with MS who have mobility difficulties, experience fatigue, or live in rural areas.

Application accuracy of the sleep decision tree to standardized patient cases by physiotherapists: An observational study.

Background: Physiotherapists assess lifestyle factors, including sleep health, that contribute to poor health outcomes. Recommendations of sleep screening assessments have been provided; however, physical therapists' ability to successfully identify which patients would benefit from additional consultation has not been established.

Objective: To determine if physiotherapists can accurately apply an evidence-based sleep decision tree to four hypothetical standardized patient cases.

Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in People with Type 2 Diabetes, Pilot RCT Part I: Sleep and Concomitant Symptom.

Objective/background: The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) on the severity of insomnia in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to a health education (HE) control group. The secondary aim was to explore the effect of CBT-I on other sleep outcomes and concomitant symptoms.

Participants: Twenty-eight participants with T2D were randomly assigned to CBT-I ( = 14) or HE ( = 14).

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to enhance cognitive function and reduce the rate of Aβ deposition in older adults with symptoms of insomnia: A single-site randomized pilot clinical trial protocol.

Lifestyle interventions to increase exercise and improve diet have been the focus of recent clinical trials to potentially prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite the strong links between sleep disruptions, cognitive decline, and AD, sleep enhancement has yet to be targeted as a lifestyle intervention to prevent AD. A recent meta-analysis suggests that approximately 15% of AD may be prevented by an efficacious intervention aimed to reduce sleep disturbances and sleep disorders.

The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pilot RCT part II: diabetes health outcomes.

Background: Previous studies have shown the negative impact of sleep disturbances, specifically insomnia symptoms, on glucose metabolism for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). People with insomnia symptoms are at risk of poor glycemic control and suboptimal diabetes self-care behavior (DSCB). Investigating the impact of a safe and effective intervention for individuals with T2D and insomnia symptoms on diabetes' health outcomes is needed.

Sleep Efficiency and Total Sleep Time in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Insomnia Symptoms.

There is increasing awareness of the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Past studies have established the importance of measuring sleep parameters using measures of central tendency and variability. Additionally, subjective and objective methods involve different constructs due to the discrepancies between the two approaches.

Gaze stability in young adults with previous concussion history.

Background: Disruption of visual-vestibular interaction after concussion can cause gaze instability with head movements. The long-term impact of concussion on gaze stability is unknown.

Objective: This cross-sectional comparative pilot study examined gaze stability in the chronic stage after concussion (greater than one year).

Feasibility and treatment effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: At least 40% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) exercise chronic insomnia, and the prevalence is likely higher due to underdiagnosis. Poor sleep quality has been associated with increased fatigue, anxiety, depression, and risk of relapse in individuals with MS. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended treatment for chronic insomnia, the treatment effect of CBT-I in people with MS is unclear.

A comparison of diabetes self-care behavior in people with type 2 diabetes with and without insomnia symptoms.

Aims: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are advised to undertake diabetes self-care behavior (DSCB) in order to avoid complications of T2DM. However, comorbidities, such as insomnia symptoms which are commonly reported in people with T2DM, may limit the ability to engage in DSCB. Insomnia and the common sequelae accompanying insomnia such as pain, depression, and anxiety may negatively influence the performance of DSCB.

Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Insomnia Symptoms for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Insomnia symptoms are a common form of sleep difficulty among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affecting sleep quality and health outcomes. Several interventional approaches have been used to improve sleep outcomes in people with T2D. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), show promising results regarding safety and sustainability of improvements, although CBT-I has not been examined in people with T2D.

Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis.

Background: Nearly 70% of individuals with multiple sclerosis report sleep disturbances or poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbances may exacerbate or complicate the management of multiple sclerosis-related symptoms. While sleep variability has been associated with several health outcomes, it is unclear how sleep variability is associated with multiple sclerosis-related symptoms.

Aerobic Exercise Sustains Performance of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease.

Background And Purpose: Individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) experience progressive loss of independence-performing activities of daily living. Identifying interventions to support independence and reduce the economic and psychosocial burden of caregiving for individuals with AD is imperative. The purpose of this analysis was to examine functional disability and caregiver time in individuals with early-stage AD.

Relationship Between Fatigability and Perceived Fatigue Measured Using the Neurological Fatigue Index in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Understanding the relationship between perceived fatigue and performance fatigability could lead to more effective interventions to manage multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue. However, the relationship between self-perceived fatigue measured using the Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MS) and performance fatigability in people with MS is unknown. We sought to explore the relationship between the NFI-MS and performance fatigability in people with MS.

Sleep Health Promotion: Practical Information for Physical Therapists.

Sleep disturbances occur in one third of the US population, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has deemed insufficient sleep to be a public health problem. Knowledge about sleep and skills to screen sleep disorders and to promote sleep health have been recommended for physical therapists. Furthermore, in survey studies, physical therapists overwhelmingly agree that sleep is important for health and poor sleep impairs function.

The Relationship Between Apolipoprotein ε4 Carrier Status and Sleep Characteristics in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

The apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, a well-described genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), is associated with sleep disturbances even in cognitively normal older adults, although it is not clear whether this association is independent of sleep apnea. We sought to extend previous studies by examining whether cognitively normal older adults without self-reported sleep apnea who carry the APOE ε4 allele have altered sleep characteristics compared to noncarriers. Data from N = 36 (APOE ε4 carriers [n = 9], noncarriers [n = 27]) cognitively normal older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale = 0) without self-reported sleep apnea were used for these analyses.