[Drug-resistant headache: is it the end?].

Chronic primary headache often cause significant interference with function and quality of life despite acute and preventive medicines. New treatments are emerging for pharmacologically intractable cluster headache and migraine. Occipital nerve stimulation in chronic cluster headache and botulinum toxin in chronic migraine represent the most promising therapies.

[Clinical management of primary headaches: interdisciplinary guidelines].

Primary headaches, whose aetiologies cannot be identified by current diagnostic methods, represent the most frequent headaches and must be distinguished from secondary or symptomatic headaches, e.g. related to traumatic, vascular, inflammatory or neoplastic processes.

[Treatment of migraine: an update].

Over 12% of the population suffer from migraine, and though it can be incapacitating, the condition is too often minimized. The hidden costs of the disability, measured in terms of lost of productivity, are considerable. However, when treated correctly, the patient's quality of live can improve immensely, thus avoiding the tendency of leading to chronic daily headache (CDH) often associated with analgesic overuse.